Previously, it was in many kindergartens, and orders for production came even from above. Now it’s very difficult for the Bogorodskaya toy. The state doesn’t care about fishing. The craftsmen who work in the factory for pennies do not let her die completely. Even with private woodworking orders you can’t go far; they lift your spirits more than the work. Factory workers still remember how one day a new Russian came and asked to make a stupa for his mother-in-law as a gift. With a hint)

Today it is the Bogorodsk Toy Factory.

The toy is about 350 years old. Then, under the control of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, wood processing began to develop in the nearby village of Bogorodskoye. They carved iconostases, platbands, wooden sculptures and toys. Later, a school of master carvers and a professional artel, the current factory, appeared.

A more romantic version talks about a peasant whose children got tired of playing with a wooden doll and abandoned it. The peasant took the doll to the fair, where he was lucky - a merchant saw the toy and ordered a shipment. This is how the residents of Bogorodskoye began to engage in the “toy business”.

1. A toy is made from linden dried for 3-5 years. This soft wood is good for cutting

2. After drying, the tree is sent for cutting. Process the future toy manually or on a lathe

3. The product blank is first cut out with an ax or cut out using a hacksaw according to a template

4. Then they process it with tools - chisels and special very sharp Bogorodsk knives. Yes, the knives were also local. Once upon a time, while one part of the village was making toys, the second was preparing knives and chisels for their manufacture. Now craftsmen use imported tools or make them themselves, only the name remains

5. An experienced worker spends 15-20 minutes cutting one piece. However, the working day of the foreman at the factory is short - until lunch. Then many go home to private work or to fulfill factory orders. We arrived just in time for lunch, and all the craftsmen had already left. I had to show everything to the escort

6. According to the norm, 130-140 products are delivered per month. Cuts and abrasions are a common occurrence at work, but people do not lose heart

9. After processing, the toy is assembled in parts

10. And these are the future Carlsons. Below will be colored

11. Although traditionally the toy was not painted, now this rule is sometimes deviated from. It turns out no worse)
They work with gouache and then cover it with a harmless oil varnish.

12. Previously, things were going well at the factory and several hundred people worked. Now there are fewer and fewer workers, some workshops are even empty. They say that in 12 years the team has shrunk by half and has aged a lot

15. Simply cool. The toy is held in the hands, the ball rotates - Carlson moves his hand and eats jam, a jar of which has not yet been assigned to him

18. There are toys with heroes of other fairy tales. Here the ball is spinning, and grandma and grandpa are baking buns

There are different moving scenes - a cat catches fish, chickens peck grain. This toy develops imagination and hands.

20. An unpainted toy often depicts the life of a peasant, who is “helped” by animals. However, there are many plots, and what the heroes will do depends on the imagination of the master. There are also mobile ones, like this one - the most famous - "Blacksmiths"

21. Just toys with animals

22. Mostly with bears

24. In the museum at the factory you come across compositions on fairy-tale themes

25. Craftsmen also carve unique things, like this “Northern War” chess set. Peter and Charles XII with their queens

The factory's big problem is new personnel. After graduating from the local art school, young people either leave or take up private cutting. Otherwise, you won't survive. So workshops are being created at home. Many workers also find it more profitable to work at home and receive a percentage of the factory’s order than to go to work for a ridiculous salary of several thousand.
The situation is also spoiled by the “masters” who sell counterfeits. According to the workers, there are many of them. Their quality is low, and the client can be easily deceived.
The Zagorskaya PSPP, located in Bogorodskoe, also helps the factory. The museum and some of its premises have been renovated, craft festivals are held, and traditions are not allowed to be completely forgotten.

In addition to toys, the factory’s craftsmen make custom-made carved furniture and wooden wall panels with three-dimensional images of people and animals.
There are no problems with raw materials. In the village, traders sell linden from their cars. The prices are affordable - one cubic meter costs several thousand, and it will last for a year of work.

Some people say that the creation of a single factory ruined the fishery. Making a toy is a creative endeavor, and putting a craftsman in an office for a working day and demanding a monthly quota from him is a mockery. In such conditions, no one will remember about inspiration; you will have to work for the plan, and not for the soul. There is something truthful in this.

I also remembered Masha recently walking around the Internet. It’s a pity, such producers are now better off than good industry

Subject: "Acquaintance with the Bogorodskaya toy"
Educational areas: social and communicative development, cognitive development, speech development, physical development.
Children's age: older preschoolers.
Software tasks:
1. Introduce children to Bogorodsk folk toys, their features, types, manufacturing technology, purpose;
2. To develop children’s interest in folk toys, attention, imagination, speech.
3. Foster love and respect for the products of craftsmen; to form an interest and desire to make a toy of the Bogorodskaya type.

Progress of the lesson

Educator: Guys, today we have an unusual meeting, I want to invite you to a small exhibition of folk toys.
The Russian people have long loved to create toys for their children. What are toys?
Children: A toy is something you can play with.
Educator: That's right, look how many toys we have here and they are all different, some of them are already familiar to you (there are different toys on the shelf).
Educator: Today I want to introduce you to Bogorodsk toys and tell a story about them.

The teacher invites the children to sit down and watch a presentation about the Bogorodsk toy

Educator: This toy was created by folk craftsmen. Near the ancient town of Sergiev Posad near Moscow, on a high mountain, among forests and fields, lies the village of Bogorodskoye.

Educator: The Bogorodsk wooden toy is about 350-400 years old. Legend has it that a long time ago there lived a family in the village. The mother decided to amuse her children. She cut out a figurine from a block of wood and named it Auka. The children rejoiced, played and threw Auka behind the stove. Once the husband was going to the fair and said: “I’ll take Auka to the market and show her to the sellers there.” They bought Auku and asked to make such toys. Since then, carving of the toy appeared in the Bogorodskoye village and it began to be called “Bogorodskaya toy”.

Educator: The main difference between the Bogorodsk wooden toy is chip carving (wood is chipped off in small pieces). It is this that creates a textured surface similar to animal fur.

Educator: What kind of toy is shown?

Children: Bear.

Educator: That's right, now we will do finger gymnastics, which is called “Bear”

Finger game "Bear"
Knock-knock, bear (tapping fists together)
He runs to his little house (they run with their fingers).
Runs into the yard
And the gate is locked! (clasp hands)
Hid in a little house (arms above head, pretending to be a roof)
Our furry bear.
The bear loves to sleep very much
Suck a thick paw (both hands are folded near the ear).

Educator: Masters made such toys with their own hands, first for their children, and then for other children. In the skillful hands of carvers, aspen, linden and birch chocks turn into wonderful figures.
To make a Bogorodsk toy, you need linden wood that has been well-dried in the open air. This soft wood is good for cutting toys. After drying, the tree is sent for cutting. The future toy is processed manually or on a lathe.
The product blank is first cut out with an ax or cut out using a hacksaw according to a template.

(SLIDE 5)

Educator: The next stage is trimming with a special Bogorodsk knife. The craftsmen make the handles of all instruments themselves - using their own hands. Tools are strictly individual, like a comb or toothbrush.

Educator: Then the wooden toy is brought to perfection with different chisels

Educator: The bending parts are made of willow, and the parts are connected with oak pins coated with PVA glue.
At the end, the finished product is coated with wax and varnish or colored stains.

Educator: Bogorodsk products come unpainted, preserving the natural color of the wood. Some toys are painted.

Educator: Guys, we watched a lot of videos, so our eyes are tired and we need to give them a rest.

"Relaxation"
We played, drew (the actions in question are performed)
Our eyes are so tired
We'll give them a rest
Let's close them for a little while.
Now let's open them
And we blink a little.

Educator: Folk craftsmen create realistic images of the surrounding world from wood. These are fake figures of people, animals, often from folk fables, stories, and fairy-tale characters.

Educator: Particularly interesting are toys with movement: on slats. These simple, but always witty in design, devices make the toy lively, expressive and especially attractive.
All you have to do is move the planks and quick work immediately begins.

In those distant times, not a single fair in Rus' was complete without a trained bear. It was from here that the image of a bear first appeared in a toy that could be played with.

Toy "Blacksmiths"

(figurines of a man and a bear, who alternately hit an anvil with hammers)

for more than 300 years.

Educator: And now you and I will have a little rest

Physical education minute
I ask you to rise - this time,
The head turned - that's two.
Hands down, look forward - that's three,
Hands to the sides - four,
Pressing them forcefully to your shoulders is five.
Now sit down quietly - that's six.

Educator: So we got acquainted with the Bogorodsk toy, and now I invite you to the workshop.

Children go into the workshop and sit at the tables.

Educator:
And now, dear guys,
Close your eyes for a moment.
Forget worries, fatigue,
After all, miracles will begin now.

Educator: I gave you stencils for the Bogorodsk toy “Blacksmiths”, but it is not painted, so now you will act as craftsmen and color it.

Children at the tables perform the task - color the “toy”

Educator: Well done, now we will organize an exhibition of your works.

Educator: Guys, look what a bright exhibition we have. Now we can summarize. What toys did you learn about today? Why are toys called Bogorodsky? What material are these toys made from? Which toy did you like best?

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Slide captions:

Variegated wooden chickens on a stand, figures of blacksmiths, a man and a bear - pull the bar and they will knock with hammers on a small anvil. Funny toys, known in Rus' since time immemorial, have become the main folk craft for residents of the village of Bogorodskoye near Moscow, located 29 km away. from Sergiev Posad. Experts call the toy industries of Sergiev Posad and the village of Bogorodskoye two branches on one trunk. Indeed, the crafts have common roots: the traditions of ancient pillar-shaped sculpture and the school of volumetric, relief wood carving at the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, known since the 15th century. Over time, the village of Bogorodskoye became a distinctive center of folk art in the history of Russian applied art. Bogorodsk carvers are participants in numerous exhibitions; their works were awarded gold medals at world exhibitions in Paris, New York, and Brussels. The toy “The Peasant and the Hen” is in the Historical Museum of Moscow, the composition “How the Mice Buried the Cat” is in the Museum of Folk Art, the toy “The Cavalier and the Lady”, “Tsar Dodon and the Star” is in the Russian Regional Museum.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Summary of educational activities to familiarize middle group children with the Bogorodsk toy.

Summary of working with children. Goal: developing knowledge about the Bogorodsk toy. Objectives: to cultivate children’s patriotic feelings, enrich children’s knowledge about folk toys, develop skills...

Seven little tales about Bogorodsk toys

Dear parents and kindergarten teachers! We bring to your attention seven small tales about Bogorodsk toys. These tales will help expand children's understanding of folk toys,...

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution No. 2 Bogorodskaya toy

Popova Yu.V.

On a picturesque hill on the banks of the Kunya River, the left tributary of the Dubna, stands the village of Bogorodskoye - the birthplace of a wonderful folk craft of carved wooden toys and sculptures.

Bogorodskoye is an ancient village.

Already in the 15th - 16th centuries, Bogorodsk peasants, at that time monastery serfs, laid the foundations for the artistic craft of woodworking that subsequently developed. The village has become one of the centers of folk art in the history of Russian applied art.

Wooden carvings were made seasonally: from late autumn to early spring. The rest of the time, the bulk of the population was engaged in peasant labor.

The child gets acquainted with these funny toys even before he can walk. All you have to do is shake your hand slightly, and the cheerful wooden chickens begin to peck together the grains scattered on the painted lawn. But learning to “feed” the chickens one by one, one after another, is not so easy. And for this, a small child requires maximum concentration, attention, and coordination.

Various stories and legends tell about the history of the appearance of the Bogorodsk toy.

According to one legend, the founder of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, Sergius of Radonezh, began to cut the first wooden toys, giving them to the peasant children who came to him.

They also say that in a small village near modern Sergiev Posad there lived a peasant family. They were poor people and had many children. The mother decided to amuse the children and make them a doll. I sewed it from fabric, but after a few days the children tore the toy. She wove it out of straw, but by evening the doll fell apart. Then the woman took a sliver and carved a toy out of wood, and the children called her Auka. The children had fun for a long time, and then they got bored with the doll. And her father took her to the fair. There was a merchant there who found the toy interesting and ordered a whole batch from the peasant. Since then, they say, most residents of the village of Bogorodskoye have taken up the “toy” craft.

Among the works of that time, male and female figurines were in great demand: mushroom pickers and woodcutters, hunters, dancers, and musicians.

As a rule, they were installed on a high pedestal and painted in bright colors. The heads of such figures were connected to the bodies using a small spring. Thus, the toys “came to life.”

The Blacksmiths toy is over 300 years old. "Blacksmiths" became a symbol of the Bogorodsk craft. All you have to do is move the planks and quick work immediately begins. The figures move in a clear rhythm, and hammers knock on the anvil in time.

Some toys are mounted on bedside tables, and a spiral spring is inserted inside, which powers the figure (“Skiers”, “Like planting an apple tree”, “Bear the Lumberjack”).

A witty and entertaining “acrobatic” toy that performs unimaginable pirouettes on the horizontal bar with ease and dynamism. And there is also an acrobat bear.

Another traditional mechanism is considered to be a divorce, when the figures are attached to sliding slats. This is how “Soldiers on Divorce” works.

They also make entire compositions. In “The Peasant Yard” all the characters are busy with their work: the mother milks the cows, the father chops firewood, the daughter feeds the chickens and they chatter with their beaks, and the little son swings on a swing. The figures are driven by a push-button mechanism. The parts are attached with a strong thread to the inner strip. The bar has moved - and the figures “come to life”.

Cheerful sound-

Hammers knock!

To the cheerful clatter

Even a cat is a friend to a mouse!

From dawn to dusk

The guys are knocking with a hammer.

What's that noise?

What kind of thunder?

This is a mouse

Knocks with a cat!

Me and the bear

We can safely

For any

Get to work!

That's what

Cheerful sound-

Molotochkov

Knock!

MK for production

Twitch toy

We will need:

• Colored and white cardboard
• Glue
• Paints and brushes, pencils or markers
• thick thread
• Wire
• thick needle
• Bead

Let's make toy parts

1.Cut out all parts of the toy from cardboard according to the template

3. Marking the locations for the holes

First of all, we will connect the parts of the legs and arms together.

To do this, use a thick needle to make holes in the places marked with a dot and fasten the parts with wire

3. Marking the locations for the holes in the upper arms and legs

In the upper part of the arms and legs we will make two holes - one under the other using a needle

4.P Let's start working on the movement mechanism

We pull the thread through the upper hole on the hand and tie a knot. We also attach the thread to the second arm and two legs.

We attach the arms and legs to the body using snail wire through the top hole.

We tie the threads of the arms together, we also tie the threads of the legs

Important!

Important!

When you perform this operation, lower the legs and arms of the jerk “at the seams”

Let's connect the horizontal thread from the arms with the same thread from the legs using an additional long thread.

You can attach a bead to the end of this thread.

Goals. Develop aesthetic feelings; consolidate graphic skills in drawing a complex object.

Equipment. Matryoshka dolls, Bogorodsk toys.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

II. Introductory conversation

Teacher. Guess the riddle:

Although we are small,
But so nice:
All painted with flowers,
And one is for the main one.
There are little ones among us.
Who are we?

Children. Matryoshka dolls.

Display of nesting dolls.

U. What were the nesting dolls made from?

D. Made of wood.

U. Now listen to the story of how other wooden toys came to be.
This happened a long time ago, maybe two hundred years ago, or maybe more, in the village of Bogorodskoye, near Moscow.
In winter the nights are long and it gets dark early. It's boring for the kids in the peasant hut. And then one day a mother wanted to please her children with a toy. And there’s nothing to buy it with. She began to think: if you weave it out of straw, it will quickly be torn apart. If you mold it from dough, it will dry out and fall apart. And she took a log from under the stove, cut out the doll with an ax and a knife.
The children were happy with the toy. They lulled them to sleep and said: “Ay, ay.” And they named her Auca. And when they grew up, they abandoned their Auku.
One day my mother was going to the market, saw a toy, took it with her and sold it.
Once a cart is driving through the village, a man sits in it and shouts:
– Who sold a wooden toy at the market?
“I traded,” says the woman, “why do you need it?”
– Aren’t you going to cut more of these? I'll buy everything.
- Okay, come for the holiday.
The woman made toys and ran around the village to talk about her luck and show off her skills. Her fellow villagers began to make various toys and sell them to merchants.

III. Getting to know new material

U. Shaggy spruce, oak, birch, and linden trees surrounded the village of Bogorodskoye on all sides in a dense ring. In some neighboring villages they wove bodies and bast shoes for sale, in others they made wooden spoons and dishes, and the Bogorodians carved toys. They were considered the best toy makers. They brought toys to the fair not in bags or baskets, but in whole cartloads. The toys were inexpensive, but is it really the price that matters? The main thing is the joy that Bogorodsk toys gave to both children and adults.
Let's look at the products of Bogorodsk craftsmen. How are these toys different from others?

D. They are not painted.

U. The craftsmen developed their own artistic style, their own style of carving. They saw that toys made from unpainted wood could be even more interesting, and they stopped painting them.
The subjects of the sculptures are varied: peasants, hunters, animals and birds, scenes from everyday life, fairy tales.
What fairy tale characters do you recognize?

D. Bogatyr Ilya Muromets on horseback, Tsar Dodon and the Astrologer from the fairy tale “The Golden Cockerel”...

U. In Bogorodskoye they learned how to make toys with movement. You pull the two bars and the toy comes to life. Knock-knock - the blacksmiths are loudly hitting the anvil with a hammer: a man and a bear.
But there are chickens standing on the board - pull the string, and they will quickly begin to peck the grains.
Soldiers are marching, horses are galloping dashingly, bear cubs are playing balalaikas. The hero of many compositions is a bear, so we will learn to draw him today.

IV. Independent work

STEPS OF DRAWING

1. Place the sheet vertically. Draw a vertical line. Using light strokes, outline the height of the bear.
2. Mark the place of the head, establishing how many times the height of the head fits into the height of the entire figure.
3. Use light straight lines to outline the position of the paws. Pay attention to the symmetrical nature of the figure.
4. Using the light sketch technique, continue to clarify the position and size of the paws and torso.
5. Color the bear brown.

Children do the work step by step.

V. Lesson summary