Being deceived is stupid and not necessary,
because the true shepherd is hidden from us,
and all the goats are eager to lead the herd -
to eat from varnished troughs.
Inside the family unit
during the period of quarrels and interjections
It's always easy to find a goat,
who is the third in this pair.
Gariki. Huberman
5-year-old Maxim and his 4-year-old sister Alisa are eating cabbage salad.
After the meal the boy turns to Alice:
- Well, today at afternoon tea you and I were just like goats.
“No,” the girl corrects him. - There's only one goat here. And I'm a bunny.
Whatever one may say, sooner or later every man will hear from a girl that he is a goat. The question is, should we be offended by this phrase? Or maybe it was said with the best intentions.
Girls, don't be offended by goats!
Be offended at yourself - the gate to the garden needs to be closed.
“With a beard, not a man” is a riddle for all times, which every woman will not only solve, but also name. But she loved and, perhaps, loves. But, excuse me, why does she love him? This is the most common question addressed to a woman who is not the best man next to her. We will answer, based on mythology, so to speak, quite neutrally. For good potency, for the fact that when he drinks, he can say a sweet compliment, for the fact that sometimes he can become a scapegoat and take upon himself all the sins of their not very happy life together. But you never know for what? Afanasyev’s brilliant fairy tale “The Snotty Goat” tells the story of how a good fellow turned into a goat. So many women wait all their lives for this young man to appear before her eyes, a little older, but still not a goat...
A LITTLE HISTORY
The most lustful of all animals, the ancients considered it a symbol of the creative power that fertilized matter and organized it. The goat personified the reproductive principle along with the snake and the bull. Hence the associated idea of fertility: the goat of the harvest festival embodied the cult of bread in fertility rituals in Libya (the festival of the goat is the opposite of the festival of the lamb and falls on the vernal equinox).
In Vedic India, the goat is the sacrificial fire, “from which new and righteous life is born,” creative fervor, as well as vitality. Along with the ram, it is an attribute of the Vedic god of fire Agni, riding on a goat, which is his supreme animal.
For the Chinese, goat is a homophone of yang and becomes the masculine principle, goodness and peace. And at the same time, a symbol of stubbornness. “A stupid person is stubborn and aggressive, like a goat who, having encountered an obstacle, tries at all costs to break through it. You might as well bang your head against the wall,” says the “Book of Changes” (it was widely distributed in China already in the 8th-7th centuries BC).
In the Sumerian-Semitic tradition, the goat often appears with Marduk and with the huntress goddesses and is the emblem of the Babylonian Ningirsu. The goat, or goat-fish, personifies the lord of the abyss of Ea-Oannes.
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| Ba-neb-dede |
The Black Goat of the Forest with a Thousand Scions dates back to Ancient Egypt and Sumer. In fact, both Egypt and Sumer had a cult of the Goat, but the Egyptian variety was more influential. The so-called Goat of Mendes was the “black” incarnation of Asar. The cult was based on the concept of fertility. Some features of this Goat cult were adopted by Arab magical systems. For example, the Aniz tribe had a similar cult. (Anz "goat" and Aniz - cognates) Aniz was called the Goat because the founder of this tribe practiced magic based on the idea of fertility. The symbol of this cult is a torch between the horns of the Goat. This symbol also began to be used in Western magical traditions.
In the Greco-Roman tradition, the goat signifies masculinity, creative energy and lust. Dedicated to Zeus Dictinos, who was suckled by the goat Amalthea, whose skin became his shield and whose horn became his cornucopia. The wild goat is dedicated to Artemis and is an attribute or one of the forms of Dionysus. Associated with the cult of Bacchus and is depicted in art as driving his chariot.
The god Pan, having the legs, horns and beard of a goat, revered by the Greeks as a symbol of fertility and universal order, and identified by the Greek chroniclers with the sacred Ba-neb-dede, embodies the principle of love, or the creative principle, which is an integral part of the matter of the Universe and thus , shaping the world. Pan was also a phallic deity, along with the satyrs, Priapus, and his father Hermes, depicted on the so-called. "hermach" with very characteristic features. In Homer's Hymn to Pan there is a description of this deity:
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| Pan is depicted pestering Aphrodite |
Wanders through the mountain oak forests, under the dark canopy of trees.
Nymphs from the tops of rocky cliffs call him,
They call for a lord with curly, dirty fur,
God of merry pastures. The rocks were given to him as his inheritance,
Snowy mountain heads, paths of flinty cliffs...
He often flashes there, on the sparkling white peaks,
Often, while hunting, it rushes along the slopes from a wild animal
Keeping your sharp eyes open. As soon as evening comes,
Having finished the hunt, he takes the pipe and sits down alone
And he begins to play so sweetly that even the bird can compete
With him she couldn’t, when she’s in the thicket, yearning invitingly,
At the time of abundant flowers, spring is filled with song.
The sonorous mountain nymphs gather to God,
They dance a quick dance near a dark-water spring,
And the mountain echo echoes far across the peaks
Pan also pursued men with his sexual harassment, who had to flee from him. However, Pan's sexual promiscuity went even further. So not only the shepherds were in danger, but also the flock. Associated with fauns and satyrs, who are half goats and have goat horns (symbols of the emanation of the creative principle), the goat personified the reversible embodiment of man and God, forming part of universal matter; for the deity, being both female and male, is at once the passive and the active principle in the act of conception.
However, most often goats and goats were used as sacrificial animals. In Ancient Greece, during religious festivals in honor of the god of wine and fun, Dionysus, goats performed their last goat song for the hero of the day, after which they went under the knife. It was a real tragedy, because translated from Greek the word “tragedy” literally means “song of the goats.” Of course, the vocal parts for the goats, who had no time for songs, were performed by costumed doubles, but the bloody dance of mortal agony on the sacrificial altar had to be demonstrated by the unfortunate animals themselves. Aegis, or aegis (properly “goatskin”) is an attribute of Zeus, Athena, and sometimes Apollo. According to Homer, the aegis is a shield made by Hephaestus for Zeus (hence Zeus-Egiokh). Later it was believed that the aegis was the skin of the Amalthea goat, stretched over a shield (some researchers see here a recollection of the ancient custom of protecting the left hand with goat skin); another version of the myth depicts the aegis as a fire-breathing monster, generated by Gaia and killed by Athena, who made herself a shield from it (from the mid-6th century BC, the aegis shield made of goatskin became a permanent attribute of Athena; annually on the Acropolis it was sacrificed to Athena a goat, whose skin was placed as an aegis on the statue of the goddess).
In ancient Rome, sacrificial goats and goats were skinned annually on February 15, the day of the Lupercalia celebration. The Roman Luper priests, having cut belts from these skins, ran screaming around the Palatine Hill, lashing with them all the representatives of the fair sex they encountered.
In the mythology and views of the ancient Celts, the goat was considered a symbol of fertility. The goat was often depicted alongside the Roman-Celtic god Mercury, with the goat in some aspects being an interchangeable symbol with the ram, also considered to represent fertility. Like the ram, the goat was invariably associated with aggression, particularly sexual aggression. Horned gods are not uncommon in Celtic culture. Often such horns resembled those of a ram, and even more often, those of a deer; sometimes goat horns also appeared on the heads of the deities.
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| "Thor's Battle with the Giants" (1872), Mrten Eskil Winge. |
No less interesting is the evolution of the image of the Finnish Santa Claus - Joulupukki, whose name is often translated as “Christmas goat”. This is not entirely accurate, because the Scandinavian peoples initially used the word “Yule” to refer to the ancient mid-winter holiday, which only later merged with Christmas. From 1131 to 1708 this happened on January 7, and after 1708 on January 13, when the name day of the male name Nutti is celebrated. The second part of the word - pukki (goat) - comes from the old Finnish, still pagan tradition of mummers nuttipukki. These nuttipukki were young men dressed in a fur coat turned inside out and a mask made of birch bark, who depicted a horned creature of a pagan rite. Sometimes there were two men - one was the head of the goat, and the second represented the back part. Nuttipukki went around houses, gave gifts to obedient children, and scared the naughty ones. Therefore, the horned “ancestor” of Joulupukki at first also played the role of our Babai. Then he grew older and got rid of his goat-like features. True, the Yule goats have not disappeared anywhere - they have become a symbol of Christmas, and their straw figures, decorated with ribbons, can still be seen today on the streets of Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Historically, at first the word Joulupukki, literally translated from Finnish, meant “Christmas goat,” which was depicted as a straw goat and was almost the main attribute of the Christmas holidays. In Finnish, the word joulu was borrowed from the ancient German name for the Yule holiday, dedicated to the middle of winter. (c)
“Among the Slavs, the goat is a symbol and stimulant of fertility. At the same time, it is considered an animal of a demonic nature; it acts as a hypostasis of evil spirits and at the same time as a talisman against it. Perun’s attribute was a goat. The last sheaf on the field was left to the goat. She turned into a goat and the mother of the Sun, Kolyada, so that Mara (goddess of evil and night) would not recognize her. The goat, thus, embodied the life-giving cosmic forces. The revival of nature depended on her, she took care of the harvest.
In calendar rituals associated with agrarian magic, there is a mummered Goat or a goat mask. Yuletide and Maslenitsa rounds with the mummered Goat are most common among Ukrainians and Belarusians, and to a lesser extent among Russians. The attributes of the mummered “Goat” are a casing turned outward with its hair, a wooden head with horns and a beard made of straw or wicker, and a moving lower jaw.
The core of the Eastern Slava, Christmas and New Year ritual of “driving a goat” is a song with the refrain “Oh-ho-ho, goat,” where a picture of the future harvest is drawn in hyperbolic images:
It’s a good place to go, it’s easy to give birth there,
Where it doesn’t wag, it wiggles there.
De goat tup-tup, there is life here,
There's a goat's horn, there's a haystack there.
There's a goat's tail, there's life in the bush!
The song was accompanied by a pantomime dance, the central point of which was the “dying” and “resurrection” of the Goat, symbolizing the cycle of time and the rebirth of nature. In Poland, a wooden horned figure of the Goat participated in the procession of mummers on the last Tuesday of the carnival. In Ukraine, the Goat mask also appeared in wedding and funeral rites (in “games for the dead”).
The erotic symbolism of the Goat is associated with the fertility of the Goat: in Belarusian and Polish songs there are motifs of the loving courtship of the wolf with the Goat and the marriage of the Goat with the wolf in songs, and the Goat eaten by the wolf symbolizes the bride given to the groom.
The goat, as a sacrificial animal, appears in a peculiar action that took place in different regions of the Czech Republic on St. Yakub (25.VII), when a goat with gilded horns, decorated with ribbons and flowers, was thrown from a bell tower or other elevated place. His blood was collected and stored as a remedy for fright. Thracian Bulgarians slaughtered a Goat at a wedding, after the wedding night. The prohibitions against using the Goat as a sacrifice (the Banat Herers do not slaughter the Goat for a funeral meal; the Macedonians do not use the Goat as a kurban) are motivated by the fact that the Goat is an unclean, demonic animal.
The motif of sacrifice can also be traced in later (mainly folklore) sources. In the fairy tale about Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka, which reveals undoubted connections with the ritual, the motive for the planned murder of Ivanushka, who was converted into the Goat, is emphasized; at the same time, the murder is depicted as a kind of sacrifice (“the fires are burning flammable, the cauldrons are boiling, they are sharpening damask knives, they want to slaughter a goat...”, cf. also the expressions “slaughter a goat”, “tear a goat”, “tear like Sidorov’s goat” ).
In etiological legends, the Goat is the creation of the devil (Ukrainian “devil’s seed”, Pol. “devil’s creature”, Czech “devil’s breed”) and therefore looks similar to him. Ukrainians believe that the domestic Goat was created by the devil, and if you sprinkle it with blessed water, it will immediately die. The Goat has a short tail because... the devil, driving goats to pasture, tore off their tails (Polish, Ukrainian Carpathians).; According to Polish belief, the Goat has all its strength in its tail; To prevent Goats from eating trees, you need to stick a needle in their tail. In Transcarpathia they say that Goats always strive to climb trees because they have “damn” legs; Goats once had claws on their feet and climbed trees; the devil bet God his goats, and God deprived them of their claws; The Goat has yellow fur on its knees, because... The devil, driving them out of the Lord’s courtyard, beat them on the legs, causing blood to flow and coloring their fur. In legends, the Goat, as an unclean animal, is contrasted with the cow and sheep - pure and “God’s” creatures.
According to common Slavic belief, the devil appears in the form of a Goat. Goat legs (horns, ears, beard) are present in the appearance of the devil, goblin, brownie, and merman. The Poles believe that you can see the reflection of the Goat in the witch’s eyes. In the Kostroma region. There is a belief that in the “other world” strangled people turn into Goats. In Kyiv province. They believed that on the eve of Easter, a treasure might appear in the form of a Goat. The witch cannot take the milk from the Goat, as a devilish creature. The Devil rides a Goat.
A goat (the animal itself, parts of its body, meat, milk) acts as a talisman. According to Macedonian belief, the Goat cannot be jinxed. Russians and Ukrainians kept a goat in a barn, which the brownie (or devil) supposedly loved and therefore did not harm the horses. Shepherds kept the Goat in the sheep pasture, believing that the Goat prevented the sorcerers from approaching the flock (Polish Beskids). In Kostroma province. to prevent the death of livestock, they nailed a goat's head in the yard. In Poland, if a cow was jinxed, you had to mix cow's milk with goat's milk - this would ward off the evil eye; a fire caused by lightning was poured out with goat's milk; casting out a demon from a possessed person, they put a piece of goat meat in his mouth."
The goat /tsap, goat/ - the object of ridicule of the people - is a symbol of mistrust, insignificance, low price, empty hopes. The proverbs “speak” eloquently about this: “Like a goat, there is no wool, no milk,” “They put a goat to guard the city,” “The goat will not go outside,” “Having listened to the goat, I ended up with a sheep,” “The goat did not want to go to the market.” , they took me." “Driving a goat” is a waste of time.
Kurochkin O. Ukrainian new rituals: “Goat” and “Malanka”. Opishne, 1995.
In Lithuania, it was believed that the goat had the ability to foretell the weather because the Black God caused winds, thunderstorms, and rain. Among the Ingush, Musta-Gudarg, the deity of rain, appears in the guise of a goat. Going to beg him to be generous with rainfall, people dressed the most handsome young man in the village in a goatskin and mercilessly poured water on him.
In Judeo-Christian mythology, the goat is both sacred (a symbol of masculinity in nature) and cursed, personifying lust and debauchery: it sets in motion the harmful natural elements, from which the Hebrew people freed themselves by expelling them into the desert scapegoat(“goats of Azalla (Azazel)”, associating them with the demon Azazel chained in the desert; according to another version, Azazel was the name of the rock from which the goat was thrown into the abyss). The priest laid both hands on the head of the living goat, thereby, as it were, transferring the sins of the entire people onto it. After this, the goat was driven out into the desert. By the way, the Egyptians, who highly revered goats and therefore did not eat them, were hostile to the Jews because they sacrificed goats to God.
A piece of red wool was tied to the goat's horns, and when the animal was taken out of the gate of the temple courtyard, one of the kohanim tore this piece of wool in half: one half was hung over the gate, and the other was tied again to the goat's horns. If the repentance of the people was sincere and sincere, then at the moment when the goat was thrown from the cliff, a piece of red wool hung over the gate became white in accordance with what is said in the book of the prophet Isaiah: “Though your sins be like crimson, they will turn white.” they are like snow, and if they are bright red, they will become white, like wool.” Rashi notes that the law of the goat being sent into the desert, along with the law of preparing ashes to remove ritual impurity, which involves the slaughter and burning of a bright red cow outside the Temple grounds, has always served as the basis for accusations that the Torah recognizes the existence of dark ones strength and even involves bringing them gifts. However, neither the bright red cow nor the goat sent into the desert were victims and were not dedicated to anyone. The burning of a bright red cow served as a symbol of the destruction of the sin of the golden calf, which lies at the basis of all sins, and the throwing of a goat from a cliff was intended to remind the people of what should be the fate of one who commits crimes against the Almighty, and to point out the power of repentance that can save person and save him from harm. Apparently this is where the popular image of the devil arose in the form of a flaming bull or goat with a blood-colored body, as if it had been skinned, which corresponds to the ritual (the skin and meat of the bull and the first goat are burned outside the settlement). Close to the image is the story of Moses burning the Golden Calf in the fire (Exodus 32:19-20), shortly before he established this tradition of burning sacrificial cattle.
In Mexico, in some areas of Africa, America, India and in the Scandinavian countries, the animal was replaced by pariahs: a prisoner, a slave, a prophet, etc. - all human misfortunes and sins were transferred to them with magical spells before being stoned, hanged, torn to pieces or burn at the stake. Later, the ritual of ripping open the animal's belly at the end of a fierce battle arose. Through expiatory ritual murders, accompanied by various kinds of humiliation of the victim: cursing, spitting, blows of the whip, etc., they ensured their salvation, while simultaneously cleansing themselves of shame. Tradition has turned the goat into a symbol of voluptuousness, excessive sexual desire, lust and the embodiment of the devil.
No wonder that the unclean, obscene, horned and bearded goat became associated with the Devil. The horizontal pupils of the yellow goat's eyes only enhanced the eerie image. It was believed that it is in the form of the Black Goat that the Devil appears to his fans at the Sabbath, and they obsequiously kiss his ass. It is not difficult to guess which element the goat was a symbol of in alchemy... Correct. Sulfur.
It may seem rather strange, but in the Middle Ages there was a belief that terrible satanic monsters were able to protect “their buildings.” The demonic images of gargoyles and chimeras were supposed to hypnotize, fetter and protect their Christian (!) abodes from external, “alien” demons and spirits. Medieval builders could quite seriously believe that if terrible scaring gargoyles were not planted on the walls of the cathedral, then other monsters and demons might try to tear and crush the walls of the building. This magical principle can be called “evil against evil,” when a certain force is used against the force that gave birth to it.
In Christian symbolism, the goat - the devil, the damned, the sinner, lust and fickleness - becomes a "smelling, dirty, constantly seeking satisfaction" creature who, at the Last Judgment, is doomed to eternal punishment in hell. Goats are an analogy for sinners in the gospel sermon about the Day of Judgment, when Christ will separate them from the sheep and send them into eternal fire. On the other hand, the scapegoat is Christ, laden with the sins of the world. This is probably where the goat-like appearance of the medieval devil comes from - he is depicted as a goat or a man with goat horns, beard and legs and with female breasts - Baphomet - whose name, when deciphered using the Jewish cipher abash, means “wisdom”. The unforgettable image of “goat” wisdom has been passed on to initiates for centuries. Baphomet was promoted by the famous trial of the Templars in 1307-14. Wanting to confiscate wealth from the powerful knightly order, the French king Philip IV the Handsome behaved, although ugly, but effectively. In a matter of days, he arrested almost the entire top of the Templars, and the experienced Inquisition immediately began to “sew a case” for them, accusing them of Satanism and idolatry. Baphomet also appeared among the idols. According to vague evidence, the idol was a silver head (sometimes bisexual and two-faced) with a beard. Apart from the beard, there was nothing goat-like about Baphomet at first.
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| Baphomet |
In the appearance of the devil (as he is depicted in iconography) there is a lot of the goat. Many stories have been preserved about the appearance of evil spirits with goat legs. Central to these stories are the legends of the Sabbath, at which the devil invariably appears in the form of a huge black goat, offering his butt to everyone present for a kiss. The devil in paintings depicting a witches' Sabbath, in most cases, looked like a goat, whom the witches kissed on the butt. In the late Middle Ages and modern times, witches were often represented as flying on goats.
It is not known whether the witches flew on goats, but during the time of the Holy Inquisition they had to sit on them, or rather on the so-called Spanish goats (donkeys). Basically, the instrument, which resembled a rack with sharp edges in appearance (sometimes, probably to resemble a real goat or donkey, a head was attached), was used to torture those suspected of heresy or witchcraft. The defendant was seated astride the box, and the edges tore through the body, causing serious damage to the genitals. Very often, additional weights were tied to the ankles, and torches or hot ash were applied to the feet. In the account of the trial of a woman named Maddalena Lazari, which took place in Bormio in 1673, there is mention of the use of such a device. For 4 months she was subjected to various tortures, but did not admit her guilt. In the end, the city council decided to sentence her to 15 hours of assholes, followed by a repetition of the procedure in case of not pleading guilty. There was no need to continue, since Maddalena Lazari, who had withstood all other tortures, was broken by this one after 3 hours. However, she was tortured on a trestle for another five hours to confirm her “voluntary” confession. She was then sentenced to beheading and subsequent burning at the stake. Her ashes were scattered to the wind.
Some call a goat a different design, although in fact this torture device has its own name - the “Judas cradle”.
Christianity declared the ancient gods to be demons, and more than any other, the goat-like Pan corresponded to the image of a demon. Guillaume Apollinaire depicted the change from the ancient Christian era this way:
Jesus is born! Its time has come!
Only he, born in Bethlehem, is immortal!
Pan is dead! Pan is dead! And there are no more gods!
In the medieval "Bestiary" the goat is presented as "a lustful, eager animal, always greedy for mating. By its nature it is so hot that its blood can dissolve diamonds, which cannot be destroyed by either fire or iron" (Unterkircher).
The next occult symbol was invented in 1931 by Swede Oswald Wirth. This is the same goat's head inscribed in an inverted pentagram, which later became the official emblem of the so-called. "Churches of Satan". The head of a horned goat, or, as this symbol is also interpreted, the head of Baphomet, or the Goat of Mendes, is an image symbolizing the worship of the devil, Lucifer. Sign of witchcraft. In Satanism, it symbolizes mockery of the “lamb of God.”
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| and this is a modern interpretation |
In addition to the goat, the logo also features paws. If you remove the excess (front and back paws), you get the word CAB(Hebrew letters are not printed, but written). Tsav is a section of the Torah that details the process of sacrifice.
In Dagestan and Central Asia it was also believed that Shaitan takes the form of a goat.
Capricorn (zodiac sign) is a goat with a spiral (fish) tail instead of a butt. In the cycles of twelve months it belongs to December and therefore sometimes to Winter (seasons). The sign of Capricorn was used in the emblem (impresa) of Cosimo I de' Medici (1519-1574), Grand Duke of Tuscany, in memory of the military victory won under the influence of this sign. The motto is "Fidem fati virtue sequemur" [lat. - “I will valiantly follow what is destined by fate”] - an allusion to Cosimo de’ Medici’s faith in astrology.
A woman should have 4 animals in her life:
arctic fox on shoulders,
jaguar in the garage,
tiger in bed
and a ram who will pay for it all!
The plane is boarding. A man is trying to drag a goat through. Stewardess, indignantly:
- It’s not allowed with a goat!
The man tries to explain:
- This is not a goat, this is a dog!
- With such and such horns!
- But my dog’s personal life is no one’s business!
The wolf met Little Red Riding Hood.
- Little Red Riding Hood! Do you want to live?
- Are you with you, old goat?
"Goats" ("red") - prisoners who openly cooperate with the administration, occupy any administrative position (supply manager, commandant, etc.), as well as those who are members of amateur prisoner activity sections - SDiP (SDP, SDPU - section of discipline and order of the institution), SBS (section control over the implementation of sanitary standards by convicts), etc. Currently, these sections are prohibited by law, however, nevertheless, in a number of correctional institutions in some regions they continue to function.
At the same time, this definition is quite vague and conditional. In particular, the status of prisoners holding positions, such as, for example, orderly, librarian, foreman, etc., is determined quite flexibly, and such a convict can be considered a “man” or even close to “thieves” (“a man in movement”, etc.). Currently, the following approach is widespread among prisoners: a “goat” or a “bitch” (these concepts are almost identical) are considered “for actions, but not for position,” that is, the convicted person can formally hold any position (up to the commandant), but not to be considered a “goat”, “bitch”, etc., if he did not commit any actions reprehensible from the point of view of “thieves” morality. This approach was developed in the “thieves” environment in the last decade for the purpose of self-preservation under the conditions of the establishment of a strict regime of prison administration in correctional institutions in a number of regions of the country and is not historically an innovation: for example, in the 1940s-60s. “legitimate thieves” have already agreed to soften their code in connection with the “bitch wars.”
At the same time, it should be noted that a “bitch”, according to “thieves’ concepts” (that is, the concepts inherent in “thieves in law”, “thieves”), is a “curvanized thief”, that is, a “thieves” or “legal thief” , who cooperated with the authorities. Therefore, a convict who was in the “man” caste and took an administrative position in a correctional facility is often not equated to a “goat,” “bitch,” or “bitch” (unless, of course, he committed actions reprehensible from the point of view of the “thieves’ value system ), and its status is determined differently depending on the specific correctional institution and specific circumstances (“man” or “goat”); This approach is also not new and is characterized by significant arbitrariness, including in relation to the “thieves”, which is recorded in the memoirs of a number of memoirists (see, for example: L. Kopelev. “Keep forever.”)
from Wikipedia. "Prison castes in the countries of the former USSR"
Goat(prison) - a representative of a group in the informal hierarchy of prisoners, formed on the basis of: open cooperation (in the present or past) with the administration PS. This group emerged from the prison community in the 1960s. Unlike the activist of the 30-50s, the status goat becomes practically constant for the prisoner and accompanies him throughout his entire stay in prison.The emergence of caste goats apparently connected with the reaction of the prison subculture to the penitentiary policy of the Soviet government in the early 60s.
A formal act incorporating a prisoner into a caste goats It may be joining “amateur organizations of convicts,” agreeing to take a position or perform work considered shameful by correct concepts. All this is a necessary condition for receiving a number of benefits from the administration, the right to occupy certain “nomenklatura” positions, moving into the category of people “firmly on the path of correction,” and therefore becoming a candidate for early release or pardon.
For the bulk of prisoners goats are traitors to the interests of the prison community.
Word goat" is one of the most serious insults to a prisoner not belonging to this group. A prisoner who is so named is obliged to react immediately and harshly (to hit or even kill the offender), otherwise he risks his reputation and a decrease in status. Word goat and its derivatives (goat, goat, goat and even horned) are taboo, and they are forbidden to be used in everyday speech. For example, the game of dominoes, known by this name in the wild, is called “one hundred and one” in prison; telling another that he has something knitted from goat hair means insulting him.
In the 30-50s goats in the camp they called passive homosexuals.
Prisoners belonging to this group prefer to use various euphemisms when calling themselves: activist, red, “independent man,” “positive.” The same euphemisms in a calm situation are used in the presence goats other prisoners.
A brief dictionary of thieves' jargon
So you will have to answer for the “goat”.
American forum: - You ask a question, then they answer you.
Israeli forum: - You ask a question, then they ask you a question.
Russian forum: - You ask a question, then they tell you for a long time what an asshole you are.
Against this background, calling a woman a goat is almost a compliment. And not only because a goat is light, slender, herbivorous and is considered not the smartest person, which is so valued by men in a real woman: “Tender, stupid, sinful and with an angelic face” (G. Leps “A Real Woman”). We understand this nuance correctly: a man wants to dominate, including with his intellect. And a smart woman will pretend to be stupid in time. In addition, the goat is the personification of fertility and touching maternal care. How not to remember the Mother Goat: “Little goats, your mother came and brought milk.” Let us also remember that the goat with the tender name Amalthea fed baby Zeus with her milk, and her wonderful horn is a cornucopia, an attribute of Fortune. Is this why the word “goat” even appears in the names of stores? And this is normal: business always strives to become a cornucopia for its owners. The skin of this goat also became the shield of Zeus. Jupiter was also fed with goat's milk. And all this is not unimportant. But you can drink wine from the horns of goats according to the ancient tradition of some peoples of the world. And if you often raise the horn of wine, then it is simply impossible to achieve well-being and, especially, abundance. Perhaps, thanks to such closeness to the gods, the saying appeared - “You can’t even ride a goat!” - about very important and pompous people. But in this situation, men can remember the Chimera (ancient Greek Χίμαιρα, literally “young goat”) - a monster spewing fire, with the head and neck of a lion, the body of a goat, and a snake-shaped tail; the offspring of Typhon and Echidna. The Lycian Amisodar nursed her. The first mention of the Chimera is in the sixth song of the Iliad, in which it is written that it was of divine origin - in front of a lion, the body of a goat, the tail of a snake; she spewed fire from her mouth. The head of a lion, the belly of a goat and the tail of a snake - this is the most natural description of it, contained in Homer, but Hesiod's Theogony ascribes to it three heads, and so it is represented in the famous Etruscan bronze sculpture from Arezzo, dating from the 5th century BC. In the middle of her spine she has a goat's head, at the end of her tail is a snake's, and on the front of her body is a lion's. Or this is a monster with three heads on one body. She was killed, as predicted by the gods, by the handsome Bellerophon, son of Glaucus, who struck her with an arrow from a bow. She fell on the Aley plains. In the sixth song of the Aeneid, the “fire-breathing Chimera” appears again; commentator Servius Honoratus notes that, according to all authoritative scientists, this monster came from Lycia, and in this region there is a volcano bearing that name. At the base of the volcano, snakes swarm, on the slopes there are many meadows and goat pastures, flames blaze from the top and there, at the top, are the lairs of lions; The Chimera is probably a metaphor for this unusual mountain. According to Strabo, the Chimera Gorge in Lycia was located between the Krag and Antikrag mountains, that is, in the territory between the modern Turkish cities of Fethiye and Kalkan. Pliny the Elder attributed this place a little further to the east, considering the Chimera to be Mount Yanartaş near the village of Cirali (Turkish: Çıralı) between the cities of Kumluca and Kemer. There are still natural gas outlets on the surface in concentrations sufficient for its open combustion. According to one interpretation, this is a treacherous woman who had two brothers: Leo and Dragon. According to another, it is a mountain from which the sun’s rays were reflected, and Bellerophon cut it down. According to another interpretation, this is the captain of a pirate ship named Himar, who has an image of a lion on the bow, a dragon on the stern, and a snake in the middle. In a figurative sense, it is an unfounded, unrealizable idea.
“Children,” says the teacher, “today we will study the signs of the Zodiac.” Astrology is now in great fashion, you can approach it in different ways, but you should know the subject of discussion. So, what do you know about the zodiac constellations? Maybe someone knows under what sign or constellation he was born?
- I am Aquarius!
– I am Scorpio!
- And I am Libra! - the children shout vying with each other.
– Mary Ivanna, could it be that a person was born under the constellation Goat, but in fact be a Pisces? – Vovochka asks.
- What are you doing, Vovochka?! There is no such sign of Goat in the zodiac constellation at all! Maybe we are talking about the constellation Capricorn? Or Aries?
- No! You see, I heard with my own ears how my mother said to Aunt Valya on Sunday: “Today I didn’t let my goat go fishing, so he spawned eggs at home all day!”
Oh, Mary Ivanna was wrong, it turns out there is Goat horoscope
Aries - Hysterical Goat. The second highest level of narcissism in the entire Zodiac: a typical Aries cannot surpass a typical Leo. When communicating with Aries, you should remember that only he, incomparable and wonderful, is always right. Any Aries has a thing for which this particular Aries believes that he is the best: he may be the most beautiful, the strongest, the most experienced collector of turtles from Chu-Chu Island... If you dare to doubt, Aries will begin to behave like a cross between a sixteen-year-old and fermenting hormones and a menopausal woman with temperature changes: he will stomp his feet, yell, throw various objects, and may even get into a fight. And Aries will always be rude in the most arrogant way. Who is to blame for the fact that he alone is always right? We need to tell the whole world about this, yes.
Taurus - Lazy Goat. This is the wildest brake in the entire Zodiac. He does absolutely everything slowly. When Taurus tries to think, creaking gears are reflected in his eyes. If someone dares to rush him by expressing the profound truth that Taurus is trying to figure out, then Taurus will be offended and will continue to think to spite you. However, it will come to the same conclusion. Incredibly boring, it is impossible to drag him anywhere further than the next sofa. No other sign loves to devour more than he does. He ignores any requests, because despite his natural slow-wittedness, he is stubborn, like a young (or old) bull with a saggy belly.
Gemini - Insensitive Goat. More than anything else, he loves to chat about abstract topics that suit his own interests. You can safely forget about your interests when communicating with Gemini. Gemini is a kind of butterfly that flies to where you can get drunk to your heart's content. One of the biggest drunks in the entire Zodiac. Suffering from a touch of clownery, he loves to perform cheap performances for the public. It is impossible to talk seriously with this person; he will laugh it off or be openly rude. It’s impossible to find him at home; he’ll hang around with all his possible friends. They love to lie, and are second only to Sagittarius in their ability to lie.
Cancer - Sensitive Goat. Capable of falling into depression from any wrongly spoken word, he is the biggest whiner and crybaby in the entire Zodiac. He is practically unable to stand up for himself and will hide behind the backs of relatives and close friends. Greedy to the point of madness, he won’t give money for a living, but he’ll take it all on himself if it hits his family in the head. He looks anyone who praises him in the mouth. Anyone who praises him will run after him like a faithful zombie dog.
Leo - Narcissistic goat. By narcissism, he bypassed absolutely all other signs. He is a king, a patrician, a God. Unlike Aries, he surpasses other people in absolutely everything; there is nothing that he cannot do or know. People were created to serve him, worship him and sacrifice themselves and small mammals in the form of dinner on a plate. Often turns out to be an unrecognized genius. More than anything else, she loves attention. Disdainful to the point of madness. However, more than any other sign, he is fooled by all sorts of bullshit: even a five-year-old can fool him. For one Leo is smart, and the rest are superior.
Virgo - Sly goat. Calculates any situation from beginning to end. Passive, looks weak and weak-willed, although in reality he is inferior only, perhaps, to Scorpio in cunning. But unlike the above, it does not possess a single character trait that is characteristic of a person and not a robot. Lives according to a schedule, does everything so that it is “correct”. Absolutely dry and unemotional. Yeah, from the outside it seems that under the harsh shell lies a subtle soul and a heart full of feelings, but fig. This is a biorobot that self-executes a specific program. To achieve the goal and public benefit, without flinching, he will shoot a hundred people in a day and literally strangle a puppy. He won’t feel any pleasure from it, but he won’t wince either.
Libra - Capricious Goat. Just as disgusting as Leo. Distinguished by its litigiousness, the biggest litigiousness in the Zodiac. Like a small dog, it barks at everyone who is unable to offer real resistance. Don't look at what is written in the average horoscopes; Libra loves to swear. He likes to demonstrate ostentatious nobility, which in difficult times turns into meanness. They are obsessive to the point of madness, they stick to your ass like a bath leaf.
Scorpio - Sadistic Goat. The most vile character in the entire Zodiac. A despot strives to control everything on his own. A Scorpio woman's place is in the kitchen. Rare rudeness. He is vindictive like a nightmare, if you manage to offend him in some way - that’s the end, he will remember for the rest of his life, and sooner or later he will take revenge. In general, he is as touchy as Cancer, but does not spread out like a rag. Rather, he will get into a fight or begin to come up with insidious plans to destroy the offender. Like Virgo, he is capable of shooting a hundred people in a day and brutally strangling a puppy, but unlike Virgo, he will enjoy it.
Sagittarius - Boring goat. In terms of tediousness, in some ways it surpasses even Capricorn. It takes an honorable third place in terms of narcissism, after Aries and Leo. Considers a good mood to be the most important virtue, runs away from problems, hates discomfort and quarrels. Remains a child for the rest of his life. The main mama's boy of the Zodiac. Despite the opposite signs, he is terribly similar to Gemini. Talkative to the point of madness, he will pester you about some topic that interests him until he loses his pulse and consciousness. Often cowardly, wildly afraid of responsibility in any form. Just like a gray gelding is lying. Simply because he enjoys the process itself.
Capricorn - Just a Goat. He sets a goal and rushes towards it like a male donkey, just like a Virgo. Only Virgo does what is ordered, and Capricorn does what he wants. If Capricorn has some kind of trouble in his head, he will achieve this trouble by going over heads and shooting everyone he doesn’t like. At the same time, unlike Scorpio, he will perfectly cover his tracks and calmly forget. Capricorn doesn't care about anything except his goal. For the sake of a goal, he will betray any person. He suffers from meanness, will smile in your face and say nasty things behind your back - if it benefits him, of course. This conservative infection will not do anything without benefit for itself.
Aquarius - Irresponsible goat. Loves to pretend to be a worse cynic than Scorpio. A drunk who easily competes with Gemini. He drinks more often not because he wants to, but because his friends oblige him. He remembers absolutely everything except his promises, oaths and the phrase: “This was the very last time, never again!”, said by himself. Like Leo, he is an unrecognized genius. He has some similarities with Aries: those around him must recognize his only point. For Aquarius, this is his extraordinary genius. All, absolutely all Aquarians are brilliant geniuses. Capable of loving exclusively his endless friends. All others are not taken into account.
Pisces - Weak goat. The weakest sign of the Zodiac. Afraid of difficulties of any kind. Pathologically dependent on everyone around him. From the final transformation into a doormat, he is protected only by the huge armor of selfishness and narcissism, which sometimes reaches the scale of Leo. Innate cunning and often meanness also help. More than anything else, she loves lying on the green grass, dreaming of a better life. At the same time, they are obliged to regularly bring him food. Pisces does not recognize the possibility that someone will not cook, clean and perform other base duties for him. It’s not even that they don’t recognize it, it’s simply unthinkable for them. And they always get what they want...
Why do girls get such praise?
What did you find in them, women's echoes?
I know enough about their affairs:
They are deceivers and fidgeters.
Let him be caught in the form of a goat
For my girlfriend, the devil is at the crossroads!
Let it be on a quiet evening when she
Makes eyes at men through the window,
Satan will vomit on her from Blocksberg
"Good night" in a goat's voice!
With a good guy, the girl is cold.
It's too simple for this fish blood.
I don't bow, I'll break her windows!
Siebel's speech in Auerbach's cellar
Johann Goethe. Faust.
Translation by Boris Pasternak
However, being an asshole isn't so bad.
In heraldry, a goat is considered a symbol of a leader or leader. The goat is not simple, he is a leader, the head of a herd of rams. Nomadic herders knew this and always kept several goats in their flocks of sheep. If there is no goat, then the flock of sheep will die, because only the goat could choose the right path both to the feeder and to the slaughter. A provocateur goat is a specially trained goat used in slaughterhouses, meat processing plants, etc. The goat’s duties include accompanying a herd of sheep to the slaughterhouse, while the goat itself comes out unharmed, knowing about the location of the hidden exit. The provocateur goat calms the herd and instills confidence in it. Such a goat has an official position at the meat processing plant, and funds are allocated for its maintenance. Professional revolutionaries and politicians who organize protests and do not think about the possible consequences for their supporters are sometimes compared to goat provocateurs.
It is not for nothing that the goat emblem has entered European heraldry and adorns the coats of arms of dozens of cities in Denmark, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Slovakia.
William Windsor or Billy is a Kashmiri goat, mascot and lance corporal of the 1st Battalion Royal Welsh Infantry of the British Army. Since 1844, the Kashmiri Goats, under the name William Windsor, have been introduced to the unit by the British monarch and enlisted in the Royal Welsh Fusiliers. The most famous of the William Windsors served as a lance corporal from 2001 to 2009. The tradition of recruiting goats into military service began in 1775, when a wild goat wandered onto the battlefield near Boston during the American Revolutionary War. According to legend, he led the standard bearer and other Englishmen with him. The goat led the Welsh until the end of the Battle of Bunker Hill. From 1844 to this day, the British monarch, by his highest command, enlists Kashmiri goats in the regiment of the Royal Welsh from his royal herd. This herd traces its history back to animals presented as a gift by the Persian ruler Mohammed Shah Qajar to Queen Victoria in 1837 upon her accession to the throne. Billy is a full member of the regiment and even has the service number 25232301. Since joining the unit in 2001, William Windsor has served overseas and taken part in parades. His primary responsibility is to front the battalion at all ceremonial events. The Goat is present at all parades in which the regiment participates, has all the privileges of a corporal over all soldiers and officers and is called Senior Goat. By the way, goat guides are called “Goat Majors”. One day, William decided to be an asshole... On June 16, 2006, a parade was held in the Cypriot town of Episkopi to celebrate the 80th birthday of Queen Elizabeth II. The parade was attended by the ambassadors of Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, as well as the Argentine commander of the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus. The deployment to Cyprus of the 1st Battalion was Billy's first overseas deployment... and, out of habit, he refused to obey orders to keep up and tried to butt the drummer. The Goat Major was unable to keep him under control. The unfortunate little goat was accused of “inappropriate behavior”, “breaking the formation” and “disobedience to a direct order” and was shot on the spot and demoted to fusiliers. This reduction in rank meant that other Fusiliers were no longer required to stand at attention when Lance Corporal William Windsor passed by. The demoted man was also deprived of the right to visit and eat at the officers' club. A Canadian animal rights group protested to the British Army and demanded that Billy not be demoted, but given a probationary period during which he would simply be “and. O. goat." Billy realized everything and three months later regained his title with exemplary behavior. Billy isn't the only jerk in the army who has had problems. One day, the royal goat was “corrupted” during unauthorized use by the major for breeding purposes... he brought a goat of a different breed to Billy. At first, the “goat major” was accused of lese majeste, but then the charge was reclassified as “disrespect for an officer” and the major was demoted in rank. The goat major stated that he showed compassion for the goat, but this statement did not impress the court. Another royal asshole earned the nickname "rebel" after he butted the colonel (guess where) as he bent over to straighten his uniform trousers. The incident was described as a "disgraceful act of disobedience."
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| Taffy the IV. 1914. |
On March 1, in honor of the regiment's patron saint, St. David, the battalion's officers hold a feast at which the Prince of Wales is toasted, rich offerings are fed to the goat, and the goat is paraded three times around the table. Freemasons claim that the use of the goat by the Royal Welsh has hidden mystical overtones.
Bill the Goat is the mascot of the United States Naval Academy.
Hennes the goat is the mascot of the Cologne football club. He is depicted on the team's emblem, hence the nickname "goats".
A goat named Baby, who was decorated with a ribbon with German orders. He marched in a column of partisans on the occasion of the liberation of Minsk from German occupation.
The Zottel goat has been the mascot of the Swiss People's Party (SVP) since 2007 and the "face" of their campaign against mass migration.
Frank the Goat is the emblem and patron of LiveJournal on the Internet.
What do you think of the singing hippie goat?
“The Feast of the Goat” (Spanish: La fiesta del chivo) is a novel by Peruvian Nobel Prize winner in literature Mario Vargas Llosa. The title of the novel is taken from the popular Dominican merengue “They Killed the Goat” (Spanish: Mataron al chivo), dedicated to the murder of Trujillo on May 30, 1961. Merengue is a style of music created by Nyiko Laura in the 1920s and actively promoted by Trujillo himself; it is now considered the country's national music. Cultural critics Julie Sellers and Stephen Ropp have noted that by presenting the dictator as an animal who can be turned into stew, the song "gives those who perform, listen and dance to this merengue a sense of control over themselves that they have not felt for more than three decades." Vargas Llosa quoted the text "They killed the goat" at the beginning of the novel. The novel is set in the Dominican Republic around the assassination of Dominican dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo and its aftermath from the perspectives of different generations: during and immediately after the assassination, in May 1961, and thirty years later, in 1996. The novel also includes extensive reflections on the rise of the dictatorship in the 1950s and its implications for the island and its inhabitants. A film version of the novel was released in 2005, starring Isabella Rossellini, Paul Freeman and Tomas Milian. Jorge Ali Triana and his daughter Veronica Triana wrote a theatrical adaptation in 2003.
They also erect monuments to goats:
The main thing is not to become a scapegoat, although sometimes they too get along wonderfully.
So let's celebrate this purely masculine holiday, especially since there is also a suitable, typically masculine, alcohol for it - Bockbier beer.
Bock beer(German: Bockbier or Starkbier) is a type of German strong beer of top or bottom fermentation with an initial wort extract of more than 16% and a strength of 6.3–7.2%. There are light and dark beers of this brand.
Doppelbock(German: Doppelbоsk) - Bock beer with an initial wort extract of more than 18% and a strength of 7–12% or more. When the alcohol content reaches 13%, brewer's yeast dies. Therefore, to further increase the strength, it is necessary to remove some of the water from the beer.
Eisbock(German: Eisbock) is produced by partially freezing beer. In this case, the alcohol is concentrated in the unfrozen liquid. In this way, it is possible to obtain very strong beer without violating the Beer Purity Law.
This type of beer has its origins in the Hanseatic city of Einbeck in Lower Saxony. After receiving city status in 1240, the townspeople also received the right to brew beer. During the Middle Ages, top-fermented beer was exported throughout Europe, all the way to Italy. To ensure the freshness of beer during long transportation, it was made especially dense and strong. Even the Dukes of Wittelsbach from Munich received it from 1555 from Einbeck, until the first court brewery was opened in 1573 at Trausnitz Castle, which was moved to Munich in 1589. In 1614, Elias Pichler was invited from Einbeck to the brewery. Over time, due to the peculiarities of the Bavarian dialect, his beer began to be called Bock-bier - beer from Einbeck. Although the name of the beer has nothing to do with a goat (Bock means goat in German), an image of this animal is often placed on the label.
It turns out that the image on the label is not a goat or a goat at all, the symbol of beer is a kid, and they began to depict it on the label after one incident that turned into a legend.
Once in Bavaria, a visiting knight spoke rather unflatteringly about the beer of a local brewery, calling it very weak and suitable only for women. One of those who brewed this beer was very offended by such words and offered the knight an unusual duel. The essence of the duel was that each of the duelists had to drink a glass of beer, which was provided by the enemy, and after half an hour, standing on one leg, thread a thread through the eye of a needle.
A year later, at the end of spring, a significant tournament took place. The knight brought his beer, they went out onto the lawn and the competition began. The participants handled the first mug, which was quite an impressive size, quite easily. The brewer's wife went to get some thread and needles, and along the way she let her favorite little goat out for a walk. The brewer easily coped with the second mug, but the knight could not thread the needle and, unable to complete the task, collapsed to the ground. He could no longer get up.
It was your little goat who pushed me and knocked me down - the knight began to make excuses.
“I cooked the little goat that knocked you over,” the brewer answered him.
In honor of the great tournament, the beer was called "BockBlER". And now, on the eve of this memorable date, they brew beer with the name "MAI-BIER". The kid, from that very time, has been a symbol of excellent strong beer.
Or maybe this story tells about another beer, better known to the domestic reader - about Czech beer" Velkopopovitsky Goat" (Velkopopovický Kozel), mentioned in the novel by the Czech writer Jaroslav Hasek "The Adventures of the Good Soldier Švejk":
They moved even further, and suddenly Vodichka’s voice came from around the corner of the second row of houses:
- Schweik! Schweik! What kind of “By the Bowl” beer?
Schweik’s answer echoed like an echo:
- Velikopopovitskoe!
This brand of beer is the most popular Czech beer outside the Czech Republic and, in addition to the Czech Republic, is produced under license in Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Slovakia and Moldova. And in 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999. Velkopopivitsky Kozel received a gold medal among Pilsner beer brands at the World Championships held in Chicago.
The emblem of the Velkopopovický Kozel beer, which has survived to this day in its original form, was drawn in 1874 - the year the first batch of Velkopopovický Kozel beer was released - by a traveling French painter. The drawing was a sign of gratitude for the hospitality of the town of Velké Popovice, located 25 kilometers southeast of Prague, first mentioned in the 14th century and received its name “Popovice” because it was in the possession of the monks of the Benedictine monastery,
As for the Popovice brewery, it was first officially mentioned in the 16th century, the document stated that the plant was the property of the Hysrl family, which at that time brewed the popular beer of the same name. Historical sources contain enthusiastic references to local beer: the wells here provide especially soft and tasty water, and beer brewed with this water has a unique aroma. After the Thirty Years' War, the brewery came under the control of the clergy. At first the brewery belonged to the Monastery of Strakhov, and in the 17th century it became the property of the Benedictine Monastery of St. Nicholas, from Old Prague. After Joseph II closed the monastery in 1785, Popovice was purchased at auction by the imperial and royal major Bedrich Schiedburg.
Until 1870, the Popovice brewery was resold several times until it was bought by the mayor of Smichov, Baron Frantisek Ringhoffer, founder of the famous automobile and carriage manufacturing plant "Ringhoffer Works", who acquired property in Popovice and built a modern brewery here, equipped with the latest state of technology at that time, which began producing beer under the Velkopopovický Kozel brand in 1874. And most importantly, at the same time, under the guidance of geologists, as many as 13 wells with unique water were dug, 12 of which are still working and supplying production.
By the way! For the workers and owners of the brewery, Velkopopovitsky Goat is not just a funny name; there is actually a goat living on the territory of the brewery. The brewery's living mascot delights tourists and cheerfully nibbles grass; the goat, traditionally, bears the name Olda. A few years ago, another goat was purchased; they didn’t think about calling it for long - it became Olda the Second.
The most interesting thing is that in front of the house where the goat lives, there is a triangular sign with the image of a goat. It means: attention is a goat.
Although there is such a legend. Once upon a time there lived a brewer in the Czech Republic. He deceived suppliers, was rude to customers, replaced hops with beet, and sometimes skimped on malt. And besides, he still chilled the finished beer with water. He gained notoriety not only in his native village, but throughout the Czech Republic, where they nicknamed him the Velkopopovitsky Goat. But, most likely, the brewery workers are joking, because “He is wise who knows how to laugh at himself,” because “To laugh at oneself means to deprive others of this opportunity.”
In Velko Popovica, by the way, Every year the first Saturday of July is celebrated as Goat Day, when every self-respecting lover of intoxicating drinks is obliged to drink himself to the point of being a goat in order to resemble the goat on the label of his favorite beer. On this day, everyone will be able to take part in excursions around the plant, paying only 50% of the cost. Guests can also enjoy beer-related concerts and competitions. Tavern masters compete in pouring beer to order, slalom with a cart, timing customers and much more. In general, the holiday is very fun!
However, Russia can also boast of “goat” beer - Tverskoye:
In 1992, the Tver Brewery was incorporated and the Tver-Beer Firm was created. It was at this time that the popular varieties “Tverskoe light” and “Tverskoe dark” appeared. A characteristic feature of the Tver brewery of that time was the frequent change of label designs. Now it’s difficult to say what goal the plant was pursuing? Another question that causes bewilderment is where does the goat come from on the label of Tver beer, since this animal has never been depicted on the city’s coat of arms? In fact, on the border pillar installed at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries on the border of the Tver and Novgorod provinces, near the village of Kuzhenkino, there were two bronze shields depicting coats of arms. So, from the side of Novgorod, the shield depicted the official coat of arms (bears), but from the side of Tver, the shield depicted two goats standing on the sides of the chalice. Although at that time the coat of arms of Tver was completely different, the goat was one of the unofficial symbols of Tver.
The expression “Tver goat” (or “Tver goats”) dates back to the first half of the 19th century. Initially, “goats” began to be called the Kimryaks, that is, residents of the village of Kimry, Korchevsky district, Tver province (now a city, the regional center of the Tver region), who back in the 13th century made strong shoes from goatskin. Legend has it that shortly before 1812, by order of “friendly” France for the Napoleonic army, they sewed a large batch of shoes from high-quality goatskin, and when, at the beginning of military events, Alexander I learned about such a profitable deal for the efficient natives of the Tver province, he released them to the shoemakers. several strong expressions, the most decent of which was: “These are goats!” Whether this really happened is unknown. Around the same time, they began to say about the residents of Tver: “The people in Tver are cunning: if necessary, they will lure a goat to the bell tower with a written gingerbread.” Subsequently, another legend was added to this saying: supposedly this incident occurred during the “Battle of Shevkalov” in 1327. Like, when the Tatars surrounded Tver, some burly clerk desperately rang the church bell, calling on the people to defend themselves. After some time, he himself, grabbing a spear, hurried to the fortress wall along with his fellow citizens. And so that the ringing would not stop, the clerk dragged a goat he caught on the street into the bell tower and tied it to the bell. The animal, naturally, tried to escape, the rope became taut, and the bell rang. The frightened animal desperately struggled, trying to free itself from its bonds. And the bells rang louder and louder. Thus, the goat, who took personal part in the defense of his hometown, entered its history forever. Now it is difficult to confirm or refute this story, but it is regularly passed on by Tver residents from generation to generation. And there is another legend: “A goat was grazing in a clearing near the church, peacefully nibbling grass and accidentally began to chew a rope that was falling to the ground from the bell tower. The bell struck, and not just struck, but the alarm. Residents of the city rushed to the walls and saw the approaching Tatar-Mongol cavalry. The enemy failed to take the city by surprise, and the raid was repulsed." But this is pure writing.
More likely, another legend dates us back to the reign of Catherine II, who actually turned Tver into the third Russian capital. There was no telegraph in those days, much less a telephone, which is most likely why, on one of the empress’s visits, the Tver residents made a mistake and did not organize a worthy meeting for the queen. The angry ruler was about to give a good beating to those who deserved it when she heard the welcoming sounds of the cathedral bell. Catherine instructed her subjects to find and reward the bell ringer who, unlike the nobles, showed respect and attentiveness towards her person. Imagine the queen’s surprise when it turned out that the bell was being rung by none other than... a goat who had climbed onto the bell tower and was chewing the bell ropes. They say that the goat spent the rest of his life in the royal stable, and the nickname “goats” stuck to his two-legged fellow countrymen until the end of time. There are also ordinary versions. According to one version, the people of Tver began to be called “Tver goats” in the 19th century, when Tver men occupied a firewood sawing business in Moscow and walked around with goats, shouting “Who should cut the wood?”, to which people said: “The Tver goats have come,” that is, the goats became goats.” According to another version, “goat” is a reference to a dandy person; supposedly in Tver, goats were called men who, bouncing a little, wore boots with special chic. However, these versions do not explain the presence of goats on the border post. In literature, the “Tver goat” was first mentioned by Gilyarovsky. The book “Moscow and Muscovites” describes a certain character nicknamed Kozel, about whom Gilyarovsky writes: “and by birth a tweryak,” which indicates that by that time this expression was already stable. But we can conclude (including from Gilyarovsky) that it was not just a nickname, but an offensive nickname, a tease for Tver residents.
On the other hand, the symbol of Tver - the goat - back in the middle of the 19th century was the first to meet and the last to see off from (the columns of the station) Tver residents and guests of this hospitable city. It can be assumed that the nickname “goat” at that time was not abusive, as in our time, but affectionate. Under the sign of the goat, industry developed, art flourished, and, of course, there was no such absurdity as the “butting” of the city mayor and the governor. Therefore, one local historian, having learned about the opening of the Goat Museum in Tver, said: “It was the goats who opened the Goat Museum.” . In addition, they established the “Honored Goat” medal, which is awarded for “Courage and perseverance in achieving a goal.” And in the museum you can also buy an anti-crisis “goat” as a souvenir - a souvenir coin with a face value of one, three or five goats and costing 150, 200 and 250 rubles, respectively. However, coins with goats are issued in different countries. Such coins are especially popular in the year of the Goat (Goat), i.e. current, 2015.
By the way, on October 21, the Tver region annually celebrates the holiday of the official symbols of the region, including the coat of arms, approved back in 1780, which depicts a golden crown lying on a golden chair, which is a symbol of the former political significance of the Tver principality, as well as a tribute to the fact that that it was Prince Mikhail Tverskoy who first began to be called an autocrat in Rus'. However, the Soviet government decided to change the coat of arms. Here is what the historian V. Lavrenov says about this: “They began to talk about the Soviet coat of arms of the city of Kalinin [as Tver was called in 1931-1990] in the summer of 1966. The instigator was the popular youth newspaper Smena. In 1967, the Executive Committee of the Kalinin City Council announced a competition on the coat of arms of the city of Kalinin. The "Regulations on the competition" stated that this symbol "should reflect in a generalized form the most characteristic features of Kalinin as an administrative, economic and cultural center." The composition of the coat of arms could be any, the only and obligatory condition was the inclusion in the drawing of the word "KALININ". It was assumed that the city was to receive a coat of arms for the 50th anniversary of Soviet power. The first round of the competition did not give the expected results, despite the fact that about 70 works were presented. The jury members regretfully stated that ". ..many authors did not truly understand their tasks, did not study historical materials, the laws of heraldry, the experience of working on the coats of arms of other cities, and finally, did not study or understand the ancient coats of arms of the city of Tver, their features and distinctive features." Among several “successful” projects, it is worth noting one whose symbolism was ambiguous. In the red field of the coat of arms there was a golden goat depicted (as stated - “an element of the old Tver coat of arms”), and below there was a blue wavy ribbon depicting the Volga River." But this work did not become the coat of arms of the city because of its ambiguity. Considering the prevailing the cult of the all-Union headman Mikhail Kalinin, the statement “Kalinin is a goat” encrypted in the coat of arms spoke of the great courage of the author. As a result, the coat of arms of Tver remained the same. However, another holiday is more popular in Tver - annually September 30th celebrate the birthday of the Tver Goat.
Beer with a strange name from the “Barnaul Brewery” from the Altai region Besser Bock of course translates as “Best Bock”, but it can also be translated as “Best Goat”. Who's the goat? And whoever called this beer “bock” is an asshole. Why? If only because this beer does not in any way correspond to the Bock style. It is enough to try any German bock to understand that a beer with a performance characteristics of 4.8/14 cannot claim the proud title of “Bock”!!! Modern German Bock has completely different performance characteristics and characteristics of the variety. Firstly, its initial extract should not be less than 16%, secondly, the strength should not be less than 6%, and thirdly, the aromatic and taste palette is completely different from that of this beer. Marketologists wrote on the label in two languages, Russian and German, that the beer was brewed using classical German technology. It’s good that they didn’t write “according to the German recipe.” And it’s difficult to find fault with “classical German technology”, because what we mean is the classical nature of the beer production process in general.
On March 30, 2014, 7.2% Walker beer with real brains went on sale in the United States, with which the brewing company Dock Street Brewing (Philadelphia) decided to celebrate the finale of the fourth season of the popular series The Walking Dead, based on the comic books of the same name and launched in 2010. The main ingredient of the beer is smoked goat brains (at least not human brains), they reveal a pleasant smoky aftertaste, and the cranberries and lingonberries in the composition leave a “bloody trail” in the mouth. In addition to brains and cranberries, “zombie” beer will also contain wheat, oats, and barley. The idea to make a beer with brains came to the head of Dock Street brewer Justin Lowe, a big fan of the zombie saga. The brewery's website says: "Meet Dock Street's new Brainy Walker beer—possibly the smartest beer you've ever tasted. Enjoy and watch the last episode on March 30th.”
And let's eat it with bockwurst - a traditional and popular in Germany boiled-smoked hot sausage with mustard, which since 1889 has been served in a tavern on Skalizer Strasse 46 B (now Berlin Spreewaldplatz) by Richard Scholz, although it is not made from goat meat (in German culinary books indicate that bockwurst is made from pork and lard, the addition of beef is allowed).
What can you say about goat eggs?
By 1937, the former military doctor, hero of the First World War, John Romulus Brinkley became the richest medical professional in the United States with world renown, twice running for the post of governor of Kansas, but as an independent candidate he was openly pushed aside by seasoned “donkeys” and “elephants”: on purely technical grounds , for far-fetched reasons, Brinkley did not count more than half of the votes cast for him. According to the most conservative estimates, his fortune exceeded 12 million dollars. And this is in an era when the average annual salary of a doctor did not exceed $1,000. He was the proud owner of citrus plantations, oil wells, a fleet of limousines, a giant yacht, Dr. Brinkley III (with a crew of 21 people), and his wife Minnie wore the most expensive diamond necklaces in America. They even wanted to rename the city of Milford in Kansas in his honor. This was not least due to the ingenious marketing move undertaken by the owner of the super-powerful, 1000-watt, first radio station in Kansas, KFKB 1050 (“Kansas First, Kansas Best”), which received a gold medal in 1929. cup and the title of the most popular radio station in America, the signal of which was heard almost from the very coast of the Atlantic, and subsequently the 500 kW radio station XER, the most powerful radio station in the world and penetrated not just the entire territory of the United States, but also Canada along with Mexico and the Caribbean swimming pool, located on the Mexican bank of the Rio Grande River, out of the reach of the vengeful Uncle Sam: the country did not know such a magical fusion of total propaganda of personal business, sessions of mass hypnosis, spells, obscurantism, folk music and incessant biblical sermons: Brinkley publicly stated that he would transplant himself Not only sick people, but also all self-respecting men should have goat eggs. Moreover, the effectiveness of the result directly depends on the patient’s level of intelligence: the higher it is, the more effectively the goat’s eggs take root, which completely eliminates any possibility of failure: a rare client will be willing to admit that the operation did not help: it turned out that he was not only impotent, but also an idiot! People flocked to Brinkley from all over the world! And all this on goat eggs, gentlemen, on goat eggs, or rather on the eggs of Toggenberg's goats! I don’t know whether the doctor was a fraudster, or whether his technique acted on the placebo principle, but many men, including celebrities, were satisfied with the treatment. However, human envy took its toll, and in the end the millionaire Quack (Quack - this biting word was used to call all medical charlatans) could not withstand the pressure and declared bankruptcy. Brinkle died in 1942...
Dishes from genitals found in many cuisines around the world. They say that a certain part of the male population prefers them in the hope of increasing their potency and fertility. For example, in Bolivia, the obligatory ingredients of a popular soup are a bull's penis and testicles ( testes). And in Beijing there is even a restaurant that specializes in cooking genitals various animals. Since lamb is considered one of the main products in Muslim food, there are quite a few dishes from testicles this animal. In addition, lamb testes many revered it as an excellent aphrodisiac - a substance that stimulates libido and sexual activity. Like other internal organs, testicles can be prepared in many ways. For example, deep fry the whole thing; cut into thin slices and marinate in oil and lemon juice with the addition of chopped parsley, salt and pepper, then fry in butter; chop and simmer in butter and cream sauce with chopped, blanched and fried mushrooms. Like the heart, kidneys and some other internal organs, genitals are often harsh. This is probably why in the famous “Kama Sutra” mutton testicles It is recommended to boil it in milk with sugar.
Lamb eggs, along with the testes of bulls and hogs, belong to the category of offal, but are considered a delicacy. Lamb eggs are traditionally prepared in the Caucasus and Asia. One of the simplest recipes is to fry lamb eggs with onions, cauliflower, bell pepper and garlic. Lamb eggs with couscous are good. In Arab countries, delicious pilaf is prepared based on lamb eggs, which is decorated with this very product - they are placed in the most prominent place and offered to the most honored guests.
When fresh, lamb eggs are much larger in volume than after heat treatment - in other words, after boiling and frying, they shrink significantly in size. High-quality lamb eggs are pink in color with streaks of lilac or purple. If you are offered an offal that is characterized by a purely gray or greenish color and, moreover, lamb eggs are not elastic to the touch, refuse in favor of a fresher option, since these have already begun to decompose, although they do not yet emit an unpleasant odor.
Lamb eggs are covered with a very dense shell, which must be removed, if it is not possible immediately, with a “stocking”, then make a longitudinal shallow cut with a sharp knife, manually turn it inside out and separate the central core from the skin with gentle movements. Basically, after removing the shell, the core of the lamb egg is cut into several pieces of the same size and the pieces are thoroughly washed. At the very beginning of cooking, it is recommended to boil lamb eggs in salted water for five minutes after boiling, and place the boiled slices in a colander, rinsing with boiled water.
Lamb eggs, like pork or bovine eggs, are prepared according to recipes similar to the preparation of animal kidneys. By the way, the taste of lamb eggs is vaguely reminiscent of pork kidneys, however, the first offal is much more tender and has a more delicate taste. In addition, unlike kidneys, which have a persistent specific odor, lamb eggs have virtually no odor, and therefore do not require long pre-soaking, which kidneys require.
It is recommended to cook lamb eggs with the addition of black pepper, herbs, coriander and other spices to taste. As a rule, when frying lamb eggs, it is customary to add white sauce, chopped onions and dry wine.
Benefits of lamb eggs
As you know, many are confident that the benefits of lamb eggs (as well as the testes of other animals) for human health (in particular, for males) lie in the high content of hormones that are responsible for potency. However, this is not entirely true, although there is a rational grain in this assumption: to obtain these hormones, it is necessary to consume lamb eggs raw, due to the fact that they are completely destroyed during heat treatment.
Nevertheless, one cannot deny the benefits of lamb eggs as an excellent source of animal protein, easily digestible by the human body. The chemical composition of eggs is worthy of attention, it contains: choline, vitamins B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, E, H and PP, as well as minerals necessary for the human body: potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and manganese, iron , chlorine and sulfur, iodine, chromium, fluorine, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, phosphorus and sodium. In other words, lamb eggs are both nutritious and healthy. By the way, the calorie content of lamb eggs per 100 grams of meat is approximately 230 kcal.
1) Blanch goat or lamb testicles in boiling water, then roll in breading and fry, season with garlic or spicy tomato sauce.
2) Cut or pierce the testicles of a goat, ram, or bull, and soak overnight in salted water. In the morning, marinate with wine and onions for two to three hours. Fry in a frying pan, add garlic, as soon as the garlic smell starts, pour in the marinade and simmer for 10-15 minutes. Serve with greens.
3) to increase potency: Take 2 testicles of a ram, wild boar, goat or bull, four kidneys and 50 g of black dates. Soak all this in rice vodka and then cook in a steam bath (or in a pressure cooker). Put the crushed mixture of all this in a bottle, fill it with wine, keep it for three months and drink half a tea cup regularly.
Rocky Mountain Oysters(USA)
#40 lamb testicles
# 1 or 2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
# 1/2 onion, chopped
#2 tbsp. tablespoons corn starch
# 1 glass of white wine
# Salt and pepper to taste
# A little hot pepper seasoning (Tabasco) to taste
# 1 glass of water
Wash the oysters thoroughly and cook for 30-45 minutes until softened, then drain the water and squeeze well. After this, brown them in a frying pan along with onions and garlic, and then dip them in starch diluted in water. Add wine and simmer over low heat until the sauce thickens. Add seasonings and serve hot.
Fried lamb eggs ( "Original lamb recipes"(Eksmo, Olympus, 2008), Oksana Putan, cook with 20 years of experience).
For two servings you will need: testes ram, 2 chicken eggs, 2 medium onions, 1/3 teaspoon salt, three tablespoons vegetable oil. Take testicles ram and, carefully, so as not to damage the testicle, make a cut on the skin. When cutting the threads - the seed canals, carefully release testicles from the skin. Rinse, cut each testicle into 2-3 parts, salt with half the salt specified in the recipe. Cut the onion into half rings and fry with two tablespoons of vegetable oil. Remove the prepared onion from the pan. Separately, beat the chicken eggs With salt. Pour another tablespoon of vegetable oil into the frying pan and fry testes until cooked on one side over low heat. Turn it over. Top on testicles add the fried onions and pour over the whipped eggs. Cook the omelet, covered, for 5 minutes.
Fried lamb eggs from Serafima
First, rinse each piece well and make a shallow cut 5-6 miles long with a sharp knife.
Use your fingers to separate the inner flesh and turn it out. We simply throw away the leather bag.
Heat a frying pan, pour in oil. We clean the onion, finely chop it (you don’t have to use onion at all, but it tastes better) and lightly fry it for 1-2 minutes in oil.
Meanwhile, cut the tender pulp into large pieces. Literally in half and then each half into 2-4 parts.
Place in a frying pan, pepper, add seasonings and fry over high heat for 5 minutes.
A lot of liquid will be released, we evaporate it by half. Then reduce the heat and simmer over low heat under the lid for 10-15 minutes.
Place on a plate and sprinkle with freshly chopped herbs.
If you find yourself in India, you can try Kutti Pi - the embryo of a domestic animal, usually a kid - a dish that symbolizes the break with both European and Eastern cultures, which is prepared by the descendants of mixed marriages between the British and Indians, rejected by the general public and therefore, they are forced to live in separate communes, with their own special traditions, incl. and culinary. Kutti Pi has a special place in the list of delicacies because fetuses are cooked and eaten very rarely: only if, through an oversight, a goat slaughtered for meat turns out to be pregnant. Anglo-Indians believe that this dish is especially useful for pregnant women, as well as those who suffer from tuberculosis or have back problems.
"from 2015. The winning player in the top three is highlighted in bold. The winner of the game has his final score listed. A total of 43 issues were published.
Issue 1 (1,244), January 2, 2015
Participants:
Alena Volkova, Yuliy Yakubovsky(0 points), Svetlana Chuiko; Sergey Plotnikov, Ekaterina Krupskaya, Oleg Zhelkov; Alexander Lemeshev, Oksana Grigorenko, Victor Mazurenko;
- In the Tver province the word “goat” was common. What did it mean? (7 letters)
- According to Macedonian belief, what cannot be done with a goat? (8 letters)
- In Belarus, on the first day of Christmas, mummers walked around and took with them a “goat” - that was the name of the comrade dressed in a skin mask. At the same time, they asked the owners to give our “goat” “a sieve of oats, sausage on top, a sieve of buckwheat on ...” what? (8 letters)
- What word in Russian comes from Italian, which literally means “goat pose”? (6 letters)
- What is the name of one of the roles of a goat in a traveling fair circus? Vasily Peskov described this circus act. True, he saw this in India, but they say that we once had such a circus act, and even more so, such a goat is even described in the Guinness Book of Records, or such an act with a goat on whose horns a monkey was sitting. (11 letters)
- The name of which literary genre comes from the name of mythical creatures with goat-like beards and legs? (6 letters)
- People said: “God created three evils - THIS, vodka and a goat.” (4 letters)
Issue 2 (1,245), January 9, 2015
Participants:
Natalya Grozovskaya (Las Vegas), Alexander Timofeev (Kolomna), Svetlana Efimova (village Ivanovka); Daria Cherkasova (Tula), Vasily Pestryak-Golovaty (Gatchina), Irina Novikova (Moscow)(2,550 points); Violetta Lyubina (Anievo), Oleg Fetkushov (Moscow), Inga Shennikova (Kislovodsk);
- The Russian Baba Yaga is known to fly on a broom or in a mortar. And what did the Hedgehog Baba fly on among the Western Slavs? (6 letters)
- Which of his fairy-tale characters did the animator Leonid Shvartsman based on his mother-in-law? (8 letters)
- Everyone remembers Vasnetsov’s painting “Alyonushka”. It was first called " Something Alyonushka." It's amazing that this word was once used to call an orphan. (7 letters)
- You probably remember Bazhov’s fairy tale “Two Lizards”. The hero Andryukha of this fairy tale ends up in the bathhouse of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain and it is precisely described there that everything in this bathhouse is made of stone, except... (5 letters)
Issue 3 (1,246), January 16, 2015
Participants:
Lydia Tsyntsar (Kapchak village), Georgy Virviets (Strunino village), Natalya Neit (Novokuznetsk); Yuri Shesternin (Balakovo), Anatoly Agrafenin (Borskoe village), Olga Mazurenko (Golitsyno); Lyubov Volkova (Kazan)(2,600 points), Yulia Alba (Novosibirsk), Sergey Semenov (Tikhoretsk)- In the old days in Rus', children were not given names before baptism, and if they were given, they did not tell anyone, so a proverb was born among the people: “Before baptism, all children are …” who? (6 letters)
- What secular, that is, non-church, name did the parents give to their son, wanting him to grow up big, strong and strong? (7 letters)
- Emperor Paul I forbade the use of the word “snub-nosed” in conversations and letters, since he himself was snub-nosed. What pet name has he also banned? (5 letters)
- They say that the Serb should have done something for the fourth time in my life to be baptized again and change my name. (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 4 (1,247), January 23, 2015
Participants:
Andrey Khozyainov (Ust-Scima village), Elena Pesetskaya (Yadrino village), Galina Rybakova (Krasnoyarsk); Telman Aliev (Halameli village), Elena Romanova (St. Petersburg), Elena Bakurova (Arkhangelsk); Alexey Pashin (Khimki), Victor Kanov (Moscow), Nadezhda Smolyanskaya (Kotovo)(2,750 points)
- Epiphany night and mass were the last dates for Christmas fortune-telling. What had to be done in the house for traditional Epiphany fortune-telling? (9 letters)
- Epiphany night and mass were the last dates for Christmas fortune-telling. A typical Epiphany fortune-telling for girls about the groom was going to fetch water. You had to collect it in buckets at 12 o’clock at night and try to carry it home without looking back. What else should have been done? (7 letters)
- What could not be done within 12 hours after baptism? (7 letters)
- On the day of baptism, after returning from the festive liturgy, did the hostess draw a cross over the doors and windows to block the entrance of evil spirits? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 5 (1,248), February 6, 2015
Participants:
Latokat Rasulova (Angren)(6,400 points), Mikhail Fadeev (Kolomna), Natalya Samoilova (Volgograd); Irina Tsoi (Novosibirsk), Alexander Stepanov (Dubrovka village), Pavel Ignatiev (St. Petersburg); Nikolay Kanaev (village of Ivankovo), Elizaveta Danilina (Raichikhinsk), Sergey Shalov (ecopos. Tsitsa);- What does the word “Seminar” mean in Latin? (9 letters)
- What quality of character did the cuffs on the sleeves of students' suits indicate in the 17th century? (8 letters)
- What helped the supervisor monitor students and determine which students were skipping lectures? (7 letters)
- What in the old days, from the opening of the first university in Russia, is still in effect today and helps rectors present to students on Tatiana’s Day? (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 6 (1,249), February 13, 2015
Participants:
Nadezhda Ryntseva (Sheksna village), Sergey Milenko (Vasilchuki village), Elena Tsvetaeva (Moscow); Immo Lesvisi (Rome), Vladimir Brilev (Novorossiysk)(1,800 points), Ekaterina Konstantinova (Gagarin); Nadezhda Korzina (Privolzhsk), Karina Kurnosova (Bryansk), Boris Muss (St. Petersburg);
- In the middle of the 18th century, a Parisian named Boulanger founded an establishment, on the sign of which he wrote in Latin: “Come to me, all those who suffer from the stomach, and I will restore you.” And how, for the first time in the 18th century, did he intend to restore all those suffering from stomach problems? (6 letters)
- What was first used in 1910 in the St. Petersburg restaurant “Novoyaroslavets”? (7 letters)
- What kind of service could be identified in an ancient Russian tavern if there was a pole with a bunch of straw tied to it next to it? (6 letters)
- In the Olgino area near St. Petersburg, once upon a time, a restaurant was always popular among summer residents, where visitors were served only his. What? (6 letters)
Issue 7 (1,250), February 20, 2015
Participants:
Tatyana Kuznetsova (Mundybash village), Andrey Kravtsov (Sochi), Olga Kovaleva (Vladimir); Sevada Malkhasyan (Pereslavl-Zalessky), Natalya Dmitryuk (Kolchugino), Vakha Musaev (Grozny); Vera Rodionova (Balakovo), Viktor Dmitriev (Pudomyagi village), Ekaterina Barinova (Ryabinki village)(4,700 points);
- What was the original meaning of the word “slave” in Russian, after which it was called “forced laborer”? At all This- a cognate of “child” or “timid.” (6 letters)
- The merchant brotherhood during the Novgorod Republic was called “Ivanovo Sto”; in order to join it, the merchant had to contribute a large sum of 50 hryvnia. What was the name of the merchant who did this? (6 letters)
- What was the name of the collection of acts on noble families, that is, genealogical books? (7 letters)
- By decree of Peter I in the 18th century, the following punishment was introduced for a nobleman for a major act. This punishment consisted in the fact that a sword was tied over his head and he was deprived of his nobility, after which he was called that way. How? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 8 (1,251), February 27, 2015
Participants:
Ruslan Zulkarnaev (Baymak), Olga Khazieva (Mozhaisk), Nadezhda Melnik (Nikolaev); Olesya Pronina (Kaluga region), Vitaly Sedov (Krakovo village), Andrey Matusevich (Volsk); Roman Bulyzhnikov (Romanovka village)(500 points), Natalya Verova (Penza), Alexander Yuryev (Dubovoy farm);
- Which word was borrowed from the Polish language, in which it means “hired cart, cab driver.” This is similar to the phrase “Shake when driving.” What kind of word is this? (9 letters)
- What, according to the rules of etiquette in the 19th century, was it recommended for girls to keep in their teeth when entering an underground railroad tunnel, so that someone would take advantage of the darkness and kiss her? (7 letters)
- Where was the omnibus conductor's workplace? (8 letters)
- Honore de Balzac wrote about stagecoaches: “The English are afraid to lose their dignity and therefore do not open their mouths; The Germans are sad on the road, the Italians are too cautious, the Spaniards have completely lost their stagecoaches, the Russians don’t…” What? (6 letters)
- What were the passengers called on the top floor of the race, where a seat cost 3 kopecks? (11 letters)
- Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev recalled that the conductor on the St. Petersburg tram shouted from time to time: “Yellow - ... station!”, “Green - ... station!” or “Red - ... station!”. What was red, yellow and green? (5 letters)
- What was heard on the metro platform in 1935 before the train began moving instead of the modern familiar announcement about stations “Caution, the doors are closing!”? (5 letters)
The participant guessed the horizontal and the first vertical word, but did not guess the second vertical word.
Issue 9 (1,252), March 6, 2015
Participants:
Dawn Musatov, Valentina Drogina, Olesya Kovalenko; Marina Kosheleva, Nadezhda Savelyeva(2,900 points), Nadezhda Maslova; Svetlana Titova, Irina Krivulya, Natalya Zabelina;
- Among the Cossacks, two days before the wedding, the bride’s parents had to present a dowry; this was celebrated as a holiday. What was it called? (7 letters)
- On Christmastide at midnight, girls approached the open doors of the bathhouse and lifted their skirts. You had to stick your skirt up in the bathhouse into the open cold door of the bathhouse, and then it was simple: if the bathhouse spirit - the bannik - touched her with a shaggy hand, then she would have a rich groom, if she was naked, she would be poor, and if she was wet, then who would the groom be? (7 letters)
- What was necessarily included in the bride's dowry in any village, in any village, in any city? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the whip that the groom put in his boot on his wedding day as a symbol of marital power? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 10 (1,253), March 20, 2015
Participants:
Evgenia Stolyarova (Zheleznodorozhny), Valentina Sukhareva (Dmitrievy Gory village), Sergey Pitaev (Sochi); Veronica Ratomskaya (Moscow), Alexander Orlov (Veliky Novgorod), Grigory Markov (Ozyory); Valery Bolotov (Istra), Natalya Nekrasova (Tver)(600 points), Sergey Larin (Melenki);- What do Bedouins try to do to reduce the evaporation of water from the body in desert conditions? (7 letters)
- A mirage in the desert is a dangerous phenomenon. One day, 60 people and 90 camels died in the desert, following a mirage 60 kilometers towards a well. What in ancient times helped travelers make sure whether it was a mirage or not? (6 letters)
- One species of beetle lives only in the Namib Desert; in the morning it climbs the high dunes and waits. What? (5 letters)
- What did the desert inhabitants, the Bedouins, consider it immoral to sell, considering this drink the drink of life? (6 letters)
- The hot, suffocating Saharan wind usually blows after the spring equinox. The Arabs call this wind Khamsin, it is a very unpleasant phenomenon, the heat immediately rises to incredible proportions. What does this word mean in translation? (9 letters)
- What do the Arabs call the great master of the desert? (5 letters)
- What did the agricultural peoples of western Sudan, the desert inhabitants, and the Tuaregs still supply and continue to supply? (4 letters)
The participant guessed the horizontal and the first vertical word, but did not guess the second vertical word.
Issue 11 (1,254), March 27, 2015
Participants:
Olga Timofeeva-Obolenskaya (Cheboksary), Sergey Ryabov (Samara), Emmanuel Shtuko (Tver); Natalya Churaeva (Moscow)(7,750 points), Alexander Logvin (Druzhba village), Yulia Solntseva (Magnitogorsk); Inna Morozova (Strunino), Andrey Nosov (Shakhty), Lyudmila Sukhomlinova (Gribansky village);
- To depict what, according to Vladimir Ivanovich Gilyarovsky, did the make-up artists use a wet bull bladder? (6 letters)
- Under Peter I, the first public theater was built on Red Square, when it was called “Theatrical Khoromina”, and in it there was a theatrium, and a khara, and benches, and doors and windows. What was strictly prohibited in this “theatrical mansion”? (7 letters)
- In the 17th century, “funny drinking songs” became widespread in France, which were called songs of the “Vir Valley”. What theatrical genre gave birth to literally free songs? (7 letters)
- What was the name of an acting association or otherwise troupe in Germany, and later in Russia in the 18th century? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 12 (1,255), April 3, 2015
Participants:
Vera Koltsova (Bezhetsk), Gennady Aksenov (Gololobovka village), Olga Mamaeva (Orlov); Natalya Ruleva (Dubovka), Svetlana Seleznyova (Moscow), Alexander Milkin (Michurinsk)(3,150 points); Natalya Yavkina (Moscow), Alexey Boriskin (Orekhovo-Zuevo), Nikolay Baidukov (Novokuibyshevsk);- What event took place for the first time in Antarctica on January 29, 2007? (8 letters)
- The Chukchi said that your place in heaven in this life depends on how you feel about this. What are we talking about? (6 letters)
- The peoples of the far north cannot imagine life without deer; they say that if a deer leaves a person, what goes with the deer? (7 letters)
- The winterers of Spitsbergen have a tradition of returning to their native land. What do they throw into the water on the sides of the ship when sailing from the shore in order to someday return to Spitsbergen? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 13 (1,256), April 10, 2015
Participants:
Svetlana Mikheeva (Zheleznodorozhny), Sergey Tregubov (Glebychevo village)(4,000 points), Lyudmila Kurilina (Smirnovka village); Vladislav Golubenkov (Tula), Adam Saidov (Grozny), Svetlana Virvichas (Strunino); Marina Snimshchikova (Protvino), Veronica Ilyinykh (Kirov), Lyudmila Domnina (Shilovo village);
- In the old days, there was an idea among people that you need to eat a day's food... What needs to be done? (10 letters)
- According to the daily routine, pirates off duty would go down into the hold and pretend to be asleep for hours. What did they each hold in their mouths? (6 letters)
- At the turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Emperor Paul I established a curfew in St. Petersburg. No one was allowed to appear on the street after 9 pm, except for doctors and...? (8 letters)
- There was a saying in Rus': “I’ll get up early in the morning and go to the big nose and clay head.” What were you heading towards when you got out of bed early? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 14 (1,257), April 17, 2015
Participants:
Evgeny Mikhailovsky (Zheleznodorozhny), Sergey Gerasimov (Syktyvkar)(1,400 points), Lyudmila Semyonova (Shemursha village); Oleg Kolosov (Gelendzhik), Svetlana Dashevskaya (Kolchugino), Larisa Terentyeva (Syktyvkar); Mikhail Domnin (Shilovo village), Olesya Shegulkova (Uryupinsk), Olga Semyonova (Tikhoretsk);
- What word used to mean “to sing to the nightingale”? Now the nightingale begins to sing, as the people used to say otherwise? What does he start doing? (8 letters)
- People used to say: “The nightingale is a small bird, but the forest will scream…”. What should the forest do when the nightingale sings? (7 letters)
- What musical instrument was originally used to train songbirds in France at the end of the 17th century? (8 letters)
- What, according to the recollection of the Russian writer Ivan Shmelev, should be done with nightingales so that they would sing? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 15 (1,258), April 24, 2015
Participants:
Diana Khodokovskaya (Korosten), Yuri Alekseev (Kamyshovka), Svyatoslav Shershukov (Klin)(1,950 points); Viktor Lukashov (Yeysk), Galina Yasnaya (St. Petersburg), Anna Peushkina (Nizhny Novgorod); Alibek Askhabov (Khasavyurt), Nina Bogatykh (Voronezh), Dmitry Pryanov (Troitsk);
- In 1672, the Sicilian Francesco Procopio opened the first Parisian coffee shop; in addition to coffee, this coffee shop also served another novelty. Which one? (9 letters)
- What did coffee with rum or vodka used to be called? The quote from Vashchenko-Zakharchenko was called “Memoirs of Uncles and Aunties.” There was even such a word: “... the hour came, it was necessary to have lunch, after lunch jams, poppy seeds, nuts, coffee with pretzels and crackers appeared, while the uncle did something.” (7 letters)
- The word “Kahweh,” from which the word “coffee” comes, was used by the Arabs to call coffee, wine, and something else. (6 letters)
- In the 18th century in Prussia, coffee began to compete with beer. The income from which significantly replenished the state treasury, then Frederick the Great banned the import of coffee beans and hired special people, they had to. What to do? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 16 (1,259), April 30, 2015
Participants:
Alexander Karpich (Novaya Usman village), Vladimir Orlov (Izhma village)(1,400 points), Inna Shumilina (St. Petersburg); Dmitry Lysenko (Bogorodskoye village), Ekaterina Khamukova (Biysk), Abraham Troyan (city of Braila); Nikolay Kostrikov (Kumylzhenskaya station), Victor Ziegeman (Simmern), Natalya Seredina (Volgograd);
- In ancient times, what did unripe tomatoes in the garden put in to ripen? (7 letters)
- What did peasant women plant in their gardens, dressed in torn clothes and with their hair pulled back tightly? (7 letters)
- What did people in Rus' attach to a pole to make a garden scarecrow? There’s this quote: “... and a quick-witted woman will pick it up on a stick and put it in the garden, and start This frighten the sparrows, and they will fly away.” What are we talking about? (6 letters)
- One of the types of summer agricultural work is applying fertilizer, but what was one of the best fertilizers called in the old days? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 17 (1,260), May 8, 2015
Participants:
Anton Ivanyuk (Kuznetsk), Alexander Stukalin (Kaliningrad), Evgeny Agafonov (Ryazan); Evgeny Kalinin (Bryansk), Nikita Rud (St. Petersburg), Ilya Altman (Moscow); Dmitry Gabelko (Voronezh)(9,000 points), Andrey Erkov (Serpukhov), Rubin Rodin (Moscow);
- What innovation appeared at the parade on May 1, 1925 in Moscow? (8 letters)
- The culmination of the parade on June 24, 1945 was the march of 200 standard bearers throwing German banners onto a special platform at the foot of the Mausoleum. What element of the standard bearers' uniform was burned after the parade? (8 letters)
- What did the officers of the time of Paul I take with them when they went to the daily morning parade or parade? (7 letters)
- What attribute was initially used by the hussars constantly, and then only at parades and shows? (6 letters)
- The “Budenovka” headdress, however, under a different name, was developed during the First World War for the parade of winners in Berlin, planned for the summer of 1917. As you know, the author of this model was the artist Viktor Vasnetsov; the soldiers at the parade were supposed to portray Russian knights. What was the name of Budenovka? (9 letters)
- What weapon was used at the parade on November 7, 1941 in Moscow by the cavalry as a ceremonial weapon? In general, this weapon was in service with the Red Army until 1935. (4 letters)
- The Pavlovsk Life Guards Regiment had two privileges at parades: to march with guns at the ready and to carry bullet holes... What? (6 letters)
The participant guessed all three words and won a car.
Issue 18 (1,261), May 15, 2015
Participants:
Svetlana Kaurova (Strunino), Irina Fedotova (Veliky Novgorod), Ilya Abarenov (Zaprudny village); Evgeny Tsepelov (Moscow), Nina Pervukhina (Shuvalovo village), Olesya Gumbina (Ukhta); Nadezhda Churaeva (Borodinsky village), Sergey Sorros (St. Petersburg), Valentina Ivanova (Moscow)(350 points);
- What was the name of a twin brother in the old days? (8 letters)
- What did the word "son-in-law" originally mean? (8 letters)
- As they used to call a daughter’s husband, that is, a son-in-law living with her parents, that is, a man who married his daughter, but remained to live in the house of his wife’s parents. What was it called before? (6 letters)
- What did the mother-in-law put on the table in some provinces as a sign of special attention and affection for her son-in-law? (6 letters)
- Saint Gregory the Theologian said: “The first marriage is the law, the second is beyond forgiveness for human weakness, the third is a crime, and the fourth is...”? (9 letters)
- This is what people called an aunt, the wife of an uncle. What was it called? (5 letters)
- There is a proverb: “One child is a disguised daughter, another is a betrothed one.” Who, according to popular belief, is the child's betrothed? (4 letters)
Issue 19 (1,262), May 22, 2015
Participants:
Yana Friedman (Frankfurt am Main)(3,000 points), Vitaly Avilov (Moscow), Anastasia Prek (Balakirevo village); Eleonora Pozhidaeva (Tula), Igor Gerasimov (worker of the village of Maina), Yulia Kuznetsova (Mytishchi); Maria Virvichas (Yaroslavl), Dmitry Skorina (Minsk), Tatiana Kanova (Moscow);- What is the name of one of the varieties of tops common in Rus'? (6 letters)
- What did they call a toy in the old days, especially in the central provinces of Russia? (7 letters)
- In Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl there is such a designation for a children's toy, so Vladimir Ivanovich apparently designated it himself, of course he didn’t come up with it, but somewhere he heard and wrote it down: “Carrot” or “Turnip gun”, “Feather” or “Tube with a piston”, which claps, shoots a turnip or a potato cork. What did the kids call it? (7 letters)
- What was the first military toy for the royal children? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 20 (1,263), May 29, 2015
Participants:
Svetlana Kalacheva (Nikolskoye village), Yuri Levanov (Nizhny Novgorod), Denis Abzhalilov (Krasnaya Polyana village); Galina Rodionova (Domodedovo), Gennady Kolosov (Kaluga), Valentin Tereshchenko (Lyubertsy); Alena Man (Srednevo village)(2,950 points), Lyudmila Starodubtseva (Sevastopol), Nikolay Popov (Arkhangelsk);- Ancient rituals associated with the birch tree, having become a cheerful holiday, have reached our century. Eggs, pies, and especially a loaf decorated with herbs were brought to Semik (Thursday before Trinity) always and everywhere. Some of the food was eaten by breaking branches on a birch tree, and some was left along the trees. In Novgorod-Seversky, for example: they left bread and lard. What was left under the birch tree in Pereslavl-Zalessky? (8 letters)
- What were birches sometimes compared to in Russian folklore? The quote is: “There is a tree, there are green flowers, in this tree there are 4 lands: the first - for the sick, for health, the second - for people This, third - light from darkness, a birch splinter, fourth - decrepit swaddling, old cracked pots were usually held together with birch bark.” What is the second thing - to people... What? (7 letters)
- In the old days, to get rid of toothache, it was recommended to spread birch tar on rags, circle the cheek 12 times and throw in the rag. To whom? (5 letters)
- Whose daughter, according to Polesie beliefs, is the birch? (4 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 21 (1,264), June 5, 2015
Participants:
Oksana Sakharova (Zheleznodorozhny), Vasily Osadchiy (Novokhutornoe village), Ekaterina Veronova (Vladimir); Tatyana Tuzova (Alanya), Artyom Simonov (Astrakhan), Lyubov Molodykh (Donskoye village); Valeria Boretskaya (Gabovskoe village), Renat Karimov (Grozny), Mikhail Yakovlev (Moscow)(4,300 points);- What element of the urban structure, which first appeared in 1782 in Paris, initially had exclusively sanitary and hygienic significance? (7 letters)
- What hygienic and cosmetic procedure was born several thousand years ago due to the tradition of hand-to-hand combat? (6 letters)
- At the beginning of the 10th century, Rus' concluded an agreement on a trade alliance with Byzantium, which specifically stated the requirement to provide Russian merchants with not only food, drink and overnight accommodation, but also... as much as they wanted. (4 letters)
- In the 19th century, a young girl had to take care of the frequency, whiteness and satinity of her hands. They covered their hands with fresh veal and dipped them into what? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 22 (1,265), June 11, 2015
Participants:
Natalya Nikitina (Syktyvkar), Valery Seredenko (Ramenskoye), Tamara Mateeva (Kolchugino); Denis Simukov (Podporozhye), Margarita Vartanyan (Krasnodar), Victor Mikoshina (Dubovaya Roshcha village); Yuri Agafonov (Orekhovo-Zuevo), Lyubov Zhelonkina (Irkutsk)(5,550 points), Alexey Bryndin (St. Petersburg);
- They brought money to the springs and springs dedicated to Saint Paraskeva and threw money directly there, in addition, objects and even towels, sometimes they brought yarn and sheep's wool and at the same time they shouted like this: “To the saint - on your stockings! Mother Fridays for...” For what? (8 letters)
- In Rus', springs caused by a fall were considered especially sacred. What? (7 letters)
- Katnakhbyurs in Armenian mythology are legendary life-giving holy springs. Such glaciers have a miraculous property - they increase the amount of... What? (6 letters)
- When in the old days a source was found, first of all it was cleared of debris. What did they hang on the tree next to him? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 23 (1,266), June 19, 2015
Participants:
Marina Repkova (Nikopol), Nikolay Koryakin (Lomovka village), Andrey Sazonov (Novoe Devyatkino village); Sergey Mironov (Moscow)(2,400 points), Tatyana Fomicheva (Aleksin), Roman Khamin (Maykop); Svetlana Borodina (Moscow), Rashid Zinnikov (village Tatarskaya Pishlya), Nikolay Gulvansky (Sugrut);- What kind of cooper's utensil with a long spout was used in the old days to describe the riddle “There is a big-nosed guest in our house”? (8 letters)
- Since ancient times, tubs, barrels and other cooperage products were used as measures. What was the name of a measure of milked bread in half a tub in Rus'? (8 letters)
- The barrel can be placed, laid down, or rolled. What kind of cooperage product can’t be put in? It can be in a standing position, which is why it was called a stand-up vessel. (5 letters)
- According to scientists, the first barrels appeared in Mesopotamia almost 4,000 years ago. What were they intended for? (5 letters)
- According to Dahl, what was the name of the three-legged basin under the washstand? (9 letters)
- The main measure of volume in Rus' was a tub or a barrel; sometimes the top of the tub was covered with a metal hoop so that it could not be cut, that is, cut off the top and sold for the same fee less grain. What was the name of this tub? (4 letters)
- What else was a master cooper called in Rus'? (5 letters)
Issue 24 (1,267), June 26, 2015
Participants:
Lidia Petrunina (Murom), Dmitry Novozhilov (Moscow), Igor Savintsev (Togliatti); Nadezhda Garmashova (Lytkarino)(2,600 points), Vitaly Malinov (Cheboksary), Lyubov Khramovicheva (Pervomaisky village); Alla Zinkova (Saratov), Pavel Popov (Samara), Maxim Tatarov (Mirny);- In the 19th century, what did passengers on board have to show when boarding a ship, besides tickets, especially on transatlantic flights? (8 letters)
- What distinguishes the Odessa binder from other port stevedores? (6 letters)
- What did the sailor have the right to wear after he rounded the Cape of Good Hope? Thanks to this, in all port taverns, he had the right to one free mug of alcohol, and also put his feet on the table with impunity. (6 letters)
- What word, what concept arose as a result of the custom that existed in Italy in the 14th century - to detain ships that came from countries where there was plague in the roadstead for 40 days? (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 25 (1,268), July 31, 2015
Participants:
Gennady Khazanov, Ekaterina Andreeva, Yuri Vyazemsky; Vladimir Vinokur, Elena Malysheva, Dmitry Dibrov; Alexey Buldakov, Zarifa Mgoyan (Zara), Arkady Inin(7,000 points);- What is the name of the festive delicacy common in Rus', which, in particular, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich sent as a gift to his bride Natalya Naryshkina? (8 letters)
- In the second half of the 19th century, 2,000 people were invited to large balls in the Winter Palace. What was the name of the official invitation to the palace to participate in ceremonies? (8 letters)
- At the beginning of the 19th century in Russia there was a custom to invite guests to some kind of central dish. What dish did Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin invite guests to? (8 letters)
- How did they show respect to the owner of the house during meals in the old days? (8 letters)
There was no super game.
Issue 26 (1,269), September 4, 2015
Participants:
Galina Polyakova (Kovrov), Andrey Grazhdankin (Moscow), Innarya Suphankulova (city of Troops); Irina Vager (Tevriz village), Igor Kravtsov (Uralsk), Zinaida Kurach (Ramenskoye); Vera Kurbakova (village of Krasnye Tkachi), Vasily Kasyanov (Arkhangelsk)(6,100 points), Marina Nautran (St. Petersburg);
- Buckwheat has always been considered the most revered of cereals. Buckwheat has always enjoyed special respect among the Russian people. What did the Russians call her? (7 letters)
- For porridge, not only grain in the form of cereal is suitable, but also flour. Previously, milk or butter was added and the result was porridge. What did people call this porridge? (8 letters)
- What was the name of the liquid porridge to the main grain, to which peas were added? (8 letters)
- In Russia, porridge has always been the most common hot food in the army, especially in field conditions. The soldiers themselves gave specific names to some of the cereals. What was the name of pearl barley porridge among soldiers? (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 27 (1,270), September 11, 2015
Participants:
Yuri Martirosov (Moscow), Olga Kharitonova (Strunino), Sogdiana Pyasetskaya (Povarovo village)(2,300 points); Anatoly Topyrkin (Mozhga), Anastasia Kovalenko (Shchelkovo), Ruben Poteev (St. Petersburg); Nina Pashekhontseva (Moscow), Vera Sukhova (Putyatino village), Marina Chilova (Nartkala);
- What do metallurgists get in some countries for being harmful instead of milk? (8 letters)
- In one ancient Indian treatise it was said: “Gold utensils are credited with the property of improving eyesight, bronze utensils are credited with promoting the development of the mind, and iron utensils are credited with curing jaundice.” What does silverware cure? (6 letters)
- One of the most important processes, according to alchemists, for obtaining gold was the combination of sulfur and mercury. Yellow sulfur brought with it color and hardness, and silvery mercury carried a metallic sheen and heaviness. What did they call the process of combining sulfur and mercury? (7 letters)
- Which 17th-century semimetal is included in the diet of residents of the Austrian province of Styria? (6 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 28 (1,271), September 18, 2015
Participants:
Oleg Moteev (Balashikha), Natalya Torokhova (Strunino), Alexandra Pozhidai (Chelyabinsk); Igor Kostrovin (Labytnangi), Arina Rostovskaya (St. Petersburg), Nikolai Kabichkin (Yangier); Pavel Seredenko (Ramenskoye), Tatyana Kosheleva (Sochi)(2,350 points), Kirim Krymov (Brykovye Gory village);
- What were newly emerged rural settlements called in Russia before the 20th century? (7 letters)
- What was the name of a village, a large settlement or a farmstead in the old days? (8 letters)
- In the 15th century, artisans from Novgorod were invited to Moscow, and they named the place where they settled after their home street in Novgorod. What was the name and still is the name of this place? (7 letters)
- What did the Western and Southern Slavs call a village, village, kuren? (4 letters)
- What was the name in Rus' for a suburb, a posad, that which is covered by the outer ring of city walls? (7 letters)
- What was the name in Moscow for the German settlement where foreigners lived? According to one version, the word comes from the name of the place for games in honor of Kupala, which were held, and Russians and foreigners loved it very much. (5 letters)
- So, according to Vladimir Dahl, in the Novgorod province a village, village, village is called. (4 letters)
The participant guessed the horizontal word, but failed to guess the other two.
Issue 29 (1,272), September 25, 2015
Participants:
Elmira Gultyaeva (St. Petersburg), Pavel Kozlov (Moscow), Sergey Egorov (Aleksandrov); Tamara Kabzar (Evpatoria), Irina Maksimova (Suzdal), Sergey Isaev (Bogoroditsk)(1,850 points); Oleg Komarov (Domodedovo), Arthur Zapunyan (Dagomys village), Ilona Dilbaryan (Moscow);
- What was the name of the shirt front that Russians put on their shirts on major holidays? (8 letters)
- Dahl wrote that brides at a wedding braided their hair in two, wrapped it around their head and put on a kokoshnik. What was the name of a girl who got married without her parents' permission? (10 letters)
- What kind of footwear fashion, which came to the village from the city at the end of the 19th century, were worn by young women and boys, dandies from wealthy families, in any weather and only on major holidays? What are you talking about? (6 letters)
- What kind of shoes did Empress Anna Ioannovna allow the court ladies to wear with their formal dress? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 30 (1,273), October 2, 2015
Participants:
Artem Vasilenko (Krasnodar), Snezhana Zakharova (Tyumen), Vladimir Utkin (Novaya village); Roman Tikhomirov (Leninsky village), Natalya Tenkova (Moscow), Ekaterina Gorchakova (Syktyvkar); Andrey Brik (Moscow), Larisa Nogovitsyna (Izhevsk), Semurlakh Akhizmailov (Klichkhan village)(4,450 points);- The main appetizer for vodka is pickled cucumber, pickled mushroom, and sauerkraut. What meat product is traditionally marinated with beer in the Czech Republic? (9 letters)
- What were the first cans of canned food used to open? On a can of veal roast from 1824, there was this inscription: “Open with something, cutting around the top lid.” (6 letters)
- In Russia, canned food did not take root well, the food was unusual, the first factory for the production of canned food was established only in 1870. Where were the new product tests - canned food - carried out? (6 letters)
- Russia has long been famous for its salted saffron milk caps, which were served to the royal table and exported to Europe. What were the valuable and famous saffron milk caps salted and preserved in? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 31 (1,274), October 9, 2015
Participants:
Timofey Likhanov (Angarsk), Ksenia Goryacheva (Vereyka village), Artak Vesrapyan (Sochi); Igor Latyshko (St. Petersburg)(3,000 points), Irina Aleshkina (Moscow), Valentin Sarksyan (Vanadzor); Oleg Kharitonov (Verkhnyaya Pyshma), Nadezhda Molchanova (Veliky Novgorod), Denis Ustyuzhanin (Balashikha);
- What was the former name of the St. Petersburg Hearty Market due to the fact that they sold hot food in taverns, from stalls and by peddling? (7 letters)
- What was the name of the official in Ancient Athens who ensured that market sellers used only legally established weights and measures? (8 letters)
- In the 16th-18th centuries, at fairs and market squares one could meet fortune tellers who predicted a happy marriage, unexpected wealth, a quick inheritance and other happy and incredible events in life. What were they guessing at? (6 letters)
- What first appeared in Russia at the Nizhny Novgorod fair in the mid-19th century? (6 letters)
- Sometimes the markets were timed to coincide with holidays, for example: the Christmas fair - for Christmas, the willow fair - for Palm Sunday. What was the name of the fair that opened in the third week before Lent? (8 letters)
- What were prices set for at bazaars and fairs on St. Nicholas the Winter holiday (December 19, new style)? (4 letters)
- What was the name in the bazaars of a wooden stick with notches about 50 cm long and about 4 cm in diameter, on which goods sold on credit were taken into account? (3 letters)
The participant did not guess the horizontal and two vertical words.
Issue 32 (1,275), October 16, 2015
Participants:
Nadezhda Agafonova (Bogoroditsk), Elena Lysenko (Tikhoretsk)(1,300 points), Pavel Ukhanov (Lyubertsy); Elena Polskaya (Moscow), Lyudmila Plyusnina (Syktyvkar), Vladislav Ermoshin (Astrakhan); Alexandra Fox (St. Petersburg), Victor Parakhnyan (Syktyvkar), Mikhail Kochereshko (village Podstepki);
- What was the name in the old days for a pair of oxen or horses harnessed to one team? (7 letters)
- As we know, there is a quiet, kind spirit in the house, who was called Dymova. Smoke was responsible as if for a person. Who in the house was responsible for the livestock? (8 letters)
- Having won the victory, the ancient Roman commander entered the city and sacrificed a bull. What was the name of the celebration in Rome when a sheep was sacrificed? (6 letters)
- At the Annunciation they burned salt in the oven. With this salt, considered healing, small buns were baked, intended for the treatment of livestock. What was the name of this bun? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 33 (1,276), October 23, 2015
Participants:
Clara Kozhneva (Balakovo), Nadezhda Andreeva (Novocheboksarsk)(800 points), Daniil Muzhinsky (Kasimov); Taisiya Pavenskaya (St. Petersburg), Maria Konovalova (Tula), Sergey Kanushkin (Lyubertsy); Felix Silutsky (New York), Yulia Korochkina (Serpukhov), Igor Kryukov (Yaroslavl);
- What word comes from the name of the ancient Roman courtyard, built in honor of the guardian goddess of the hearth and the entrance to the home? (9 letters)
- The floor of the hut was considered a dangerous and gloomy place. What have peasants never put on the floor? (8 letters)
- Next to the bedroom in a Russian house there was always a room where women combed their hair and put things in order. What was the name of this room? (7 letters)
- What decorative element of the hut served to protect against evil spirits, the evil eye and other troubles? (8 letters)
- What was the name of the small depression in the corner of the stove where the burning splinter and tar were placed? (7 letters)
- In the old days, the bed was placed with the head of the bed against the wall. Towards what? (4 letters)
- European borrowings. What was the floor called in Rus'? (5 letters)
The participant guessed the horizontal word, but failed to guess the other two.
Issue 34 (1,277), October 30, 2015
Participants:
Fazyl Shiapov (Zainsk), Elsa Kasimova (Kumertau), Nikolay Peresadin (Lugansk); Matvey Krivolapov (Chashnikovo village), Tatyana Zhuchkova (Tula), Evgeny Sarychkin (Orda village); Mikhail Alubaev (Konstantinovsk), Maria Zaporozhskaya (Osokino village)(900 points), Yuri Kornoukhov (Kulakovo village);
- What were the signs used to carve on the cuneiform tablets of Basil and Babylon? (8 letters)
- In banking, what is the name of a person who has been permanently residing in the territory of the state for more than half of the past year, that is, 183 days or more? (8 letters)
- What is the name of the macaque monkey that lives in Southeast Asia and India? (5 letters)
- What is the name of a joke intended to fool or embarrass a person? (8 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 35 (1,278), November 6, 2015
Participants:
Oleg Vostroknutov (Mirny), Tatyana Chernykh (Mikhnevo village), Irina Pinaevskaya (Verkhovazhye village) (no winner); Saltanat Ismagulova (Uralsk)(8,900 points), Mikhail Bykov (Vologda), Alexander Khokhlov (Komi Republic); Larisa Nikitina (Moscow), Natalya Kazakova (village Khlopovo), Stanislav Tatarnikov (village Kraskovo);
- What did ancient Chinese etiquette require you to chew before addressing the emperor? (8 letters)
- What kind of exclusively female headdress were married ladies supposed to wear at the ball at that time? (5 letters)
- The only dish that in Rus' was allowed to be eaten on the street was considered bad form... What? (5 letters)
- What item of clothing for women of the 18th-19th centuries. was it indecent to wear, even if it was not visible? (9 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 36 (1,279), November 13, 2015
Participants:
Alexey Eremchuk (Kemerovo), Victor Baum (Bremen), Yulia Chernyaeva (Strunino)(7,000 points); Victoria Sarmina (St. Petersburg), Sergey Prishchepa (Mikhailovka village), Albina Askarova (Panaevsk village); Alexander Simonov (Ryazan), Rosalia Koval (Synkovo village), Boris Ivanova (Istra);
- There are several techniques in Russian dance: step, clappers, knees, shot. What else? (8 letters)
- How was an orchestra conducted before the great German composer Carl Weber began using the baton at the beginning of the 19th century? (6 letters)
- One of the oldest musical instruments in Rus'. The first mention occurs in 1096. (7 letters)
- What, according to Gogol, were balalaikas made from in the south of Russia? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 37 (1,280), November 20, 2015
Participants:
Lyubov Bukhova (Ryazan), Lyubov Belyaeva (Pechora), Eduard Shipov (Aleksandrov)(9,000 points); Arsu Kerimova (Severonezhsk village), Alexander Skvortsov (Kolchugino), Artyom Avakimov (Krasnodar); Zinaida Shudrik (local Svoboda), Tatyana Shabrova (Moscow), Vladimir Tykunov (Bogolyubovo village) (no winner);
- What was the name of a protected, impenetrable forest in the old days? They say that it is this word, according to one version, that the name of one town near Moscow, Zaraysk, comes from, and this word is found in literature. (6 letters)
- What was the name of the forest with twisted trees in Mother Rus'? They say that such a forest, for example, was now located on the Curonian dew. (6 letters)
- How in the old days, which is found in Vladimir Dahl’s dictionary, was the forest crivulina, thick rhizome, club called? (5 letters)
- What were impassable places called in the Smolensk region? It rarely happens, but This plural word. (4 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 38 (1,281), November 27, 2015
Participants:
Asya Shilova (Tomsk), Alexey Toropov (Ust-Tsilma village), Zareta Davletukaeva (Grozny); Alexander Anokelov (Bataisk)(4,550 points), Anastasia Babintseva (St. Petersburg), Vasily Simonov (Alexandrov); Maria Berezina (Turdaki village), Denis Kurbakov (Kubinka village), Yuri Matvienko (village Beautiful Fairy Tale);
- What word, in the old days, meant that a person of interest to a hunter was heading somewhere? (6 letters)
- What was the name of the bear trap used by Transbaikal hunters? (7 letters)
- What is the name of the trap used in Siberia and the Far East in animal hunting? (6 letters)
- An Eskimo hunter once told the writer, outstanding ethnographer, and specialist in the north Vladimir Bogoraz this is what he said: “You think that we don’t kill seals and walruses and that almost happened!” Who? (7 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 39 (1,282), December 4, 2015
Participants:
Galina Chernyakova (Torzhok), Alexander Klitschko (Omsk), Natalya Zhuravleva (Zhukovsky); Nikolay Sgerya (Yuzhnoye village)(2,200 points), Galina Bemmakh (Vetlyanka village), Natalya Palkina (Zhukovka); Alexander Yashchenko (Moscow), Lyudmila Eresko (Krasnodar), Svetlana Kamyshova (Yaroslavl);
- What did rivermen call pusher tugs in slang? In earlier times, for some reason these tugboats had amazing names assigned to them; this is where the name came from. (8 letters)
- What invention of the ancient Egyptians allowed them to increase the speed of boats? (8 letters)
- What was the name of the crew quarters on Novgorod ships in the 12th-15th centuries? (6 letters)
- What word in the Russian language comes from the name of the boats, which the Zaporozhye Cossacks once carried out predatory raids? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 40 (1,283), December 11, 2015
Participants:
Ksenia Dobolatova (Lyubertsy), Galina Kutas (Minsk), Evgeniy Kotikov (village Ratovo); Irina Mikhailovskaya (Kaliningrad), Vladimir Tarubarov (Moscow), Tatyana Zavushchak (Pyt-Yakh)(3,150 points); Olga Shutenko (Gatchina), Roman Kholofyan (Moscow), Victor Litao (Ludinghausen);
- According to the myths of ancient Greece, Apollo often spent time on this mountain; it was also the seat of the nine muses. What kind of grief are we talking about? (6 letters)
- On the western edge of the valley of the White Iyus River, not far from the capital of Khakassia, the city of Abakan, there is a mountain range, this place has several names: “Mountains of Happiness”, “Mountains of Khokho-Babay”. The last name comes from the name of the hero Khokho-Babai, who guarded the valley. The ridge got another name from the northernmost mountain at the top, which has a cube-shaped rock and this outline is very similar to... What? (6 letters)
- Allegedly, the spirit of a black man lives in the gorges of impassable mountains... Who? The spirit not only instills fear, but as they say, can cut the rope. This is a legend. What is it about? (9 letters)
- There is a small town in the Alps called Serfaus, the small town is famous not only for its magnificent ski resort, but also for something else. What is it about? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
Issue 41 (1,284), December 18, 2015
Participants:
Elena Shcherbakova (Engels), Denis Smirnov (Veliky Novgorod), Lyudmila Gurpalova (Moscow); Oleg Dmitrenyuk (Kostroma), Snezhana Zakharova (Tyumen), Ekaterina Pishchulina (Odintsovo); Andrey Rudenok (Dedovsk), Iraida Makshanova (Pavlovsky Posad)(800 points), Tatyana Abrosimova (Volgodonsk);
- In Finland, in the old days, brides had to collect their own dowry. To do this, they went into every house and asked to give something. What did the bride have the right to throw into the porridge pot for the owners if they were greedy? (6 letters)
- The peoples of the island of Borneo revere a very unusual wedding tradition; this has been the case for many, many years in a row; tradition says that the newlyweds have no right to visit for the first three days after the wedding. What? (6 letters)
- At the bridesmaid ceremony, not only the groom’s relatives could refuse the bride, the bride’s relatives could also refuse the groom. Where should the bride go in this case? (5 letters)
- In Ukraine, the following custom was once adopted: a pumpkin - a watermelon - was brought out to a completely disgusting groom. Why were the matchmakers dissatisfied with closing the door so that the girl would never get married, and never? (5 letters)
- Vasily Pukirev’s painting “Unequal Marriage” was painted in 1862, if Pukirev was French. What would he call this painting? (9 letters)
- In Nigeria, if a girl doesn’t gain enough weight before the wedding, she will be returned to her parents’ house, and no matter how hard it is for her, the beginning of family life for her necessarily symbolizes jumping through... What? (5 letters)
- In Rus', in the midst of a bachelor party, peddlers, that is, friends of the bride and her relatives, came and brought a dowry. What did the groom pass on to his bride with them? (5 letters)
The participant did not guess the horizontal and two vertical words.
Issue 42 (1,285), December 25, 2015
Participants:
Natalya Bespalova (Shakhovskaya village), Alexander Kurdyumov (Moscow), Ekaterina Nuzhdova (Nikolsk); Yuri Kuchin (Yaroslavl), Zinaida Baratova (Pyatigorsk), Vladimir Oparin (Perm)(3,200 points); Olga Shmalenyuk (Shatura), Nikolay Chuev (Moscow), Valentina Storozhevykh (St. Petersburg);
- At the end of the 19th century, James Wide worked on the railway tracks of the port of Cape Town; he once lost both legs in an accident. He bought a baboon from the market, which he trained to carry on a cart between the hut and the signal box, and also helped him in his work. Whose duties did this baboon learn to perform? (10 letters)
- According to the belief in Thailand, once upon a time, a long time ago, an army of monkeys helped the god Rami cope with the onslaught of enemies, so every year the people of Thailand thank their monkeys. What form does gratitude take? What are they doing in honor of the monkeys? (6 letters)
- Several centuries ago, the Nama people living in Africa recruited especially gifted baboons to work. Who did they use these monkeys for? (6 letters)
- You can envy the monkeys because they never have... What? (8 letters)
- What did the image of a monkey with an apple in its mouth symbolize in the Middle Ages? (12 letters)
- Is the mirror test used to test whether animals have self-awareness? paints are placed in two marks: one is visible only through a mirror, and the other is visible only through a mirror. The animal must demonstrate the ability to use a mirror. This test has been passed by all surviving primates, some species of dolphins, and, along with monkeys, the only non-mammal. Who? (6 letters)
- If a monkey yawns, it is most likely tired and wants to get tired, but sometimes monkey yawning means something completely different. What exactly? (6 letters)
The participant did not guess the horizontal and two vertical words.
Issue 43 (1,286), December 30, 2015
Participants:
Vitaly Oleynikov, Ekaterina Oreshnikova(2,800 points), Evgeny Dorogaykin; Dzerassa Kabulova (Khimki), Andrey Povolotsky (Kovalyovka village), Irina Golushko (Smolensk); Shanava Shanavazov (Makhachkala), Elizaveta Wolf (Komsomolsk-on-Amur), Alexander Rozhkov (St. Petersburg);
- After the 1902 eruption of the Montagne Pelee volcano on the island of Martinique in the West Indies, only two people remained alive: a shoemaker who lived on the edge of the island, and another... Who? (11 letters)
- “I love thunderstorms at the beginning of May, when the first thunder…” - this is how Tyutchev’s poem “Spring Thunderstorm” begins. At the end of it, the culprit of the rampant elements is mentioned - the goddess Hebe. What did it symbolize among the ancient Greeks? (9 letters)
- Before the global flood, God ordered Noah to build an ark. 300 cm - length, 50 cm - width, height - 40 cm. What was it measured in? The minimum size is 44.5 cm, if long then 55.2 cm. How was Noah's Ark measured? (6 letters)
- In 1931, a tornado in Mississippi lifted a weight of 83 tons and moved it 24 meters. What did he bring up on the Mississippi? (5 letters)
The participant refused the super game.
In calendar rituals associated with agricultural magic, there is a mummered goat or a goat mask. Yuletide and Maslenitsa rounds with a mummered goat are most common among Ukrainians and Belarusians, and to a lesser extent among Russians. Attributes of a mummered goat: a casing turned outward with its hair, a wooden head with horns and a beard made of straw or wicker and a moving lower jaw.
The core of the East Slavic Christmas and New Year ritual of “driving a goat” is a song with the refrain “Oh-ho-ho, goat,” where a picture of the future harvest is painted in exaggerated images (“where a goat walks, it will give birth,” “where a goat horns - there is life there like a haystack”, “where there is a goat’s tail, there is life like a bush”, etc.). The song was accompanied by a pantomime dance, the central point of which was the “dying” and “resurrection” of the goat, symbolizing the cycle of time and the rebirth of nature. In Poland, a wooden horned goat figure took part in the procession of mummers on the last Tuesday of the carnival. In Ukraine, the goat mask also appeared in wedding and funeral rites (in “games for the dead”).
Its erotic symbolism is associated with the fertility of the goat: in Belarusian and Polish songs there are motifs of the loving courtship of the Wolf with the Goat and the marriage of the Goat with the Wolf in songs, and the Goat eaten by the Wolf symbolizes the bride given to the groom.
The goat, as a sacrificial animal, appears in a peculiar action that took place in different regions of the Czech Republic on St. Yakub (July 25), when a goat with gilded horns, decorated with ribbons and flowers, was thrown from a bell tower or other elevated place. His blood was collected and stored as a remedy for fright. Thracian Bulgarians slaughtered a goat at a wedding, after the wedding night. The prohibitions against using a goat as a sacrifice (Bulgarians do not slaughter a goat for a funeral meal; Macedonians do not use a goat as a sacrificial animal) are motivated by the fact that the goat is an unclean, demonic animal.
In etiological legends, the goat is the creation of the devil (Ukrainian - “devil’s seed”, Polish - “devil’s creature”, Czech - “devil’s breed”) and therefore looks like him. Ukrainians believe that the domestic goat was created by the devil and if you sprinkle it with blessed water, it will immediately die. The goat has a short tail, because the devil, driving the goats to pasture, tore off their tails (Polish, Ukrainian - Carpathian). According to Polish belief, a goat has all its strength in its tail; To prevent goats from eating trees, you need to stick a needle in their tail. In Transcarpathia they say that goats always try to climb trees because they have “damn” legs; goats once had claws on their feet and climbed trees; the devil bet God his goats, and God deprived them of their claws; The goats have yellow wool on their knees, because the devil, driving them out of the Lord’s courtyard, hit them on the legs, causing blood to flow and coloring the wool. In legends, a goat as an unclean animal is contrasted with a cow and a sheep - pure and “God’s” creatures.
According to common Slavic belief, the devil appears in the form of a goat. Goat legs (horns, ears, beard) are present in the appearance of the devil, goblin, brownie, and merman. The Poles believe that you can see the reflection of a goat in a witch's eyes. In the Kostroma region there is a belief that in the “other world” strangled people turn into goats. In the Kyiv province they believed that on the eve of Easter, a treasure might appear in the form of a goat. A witch cannot take milk from a goat, as a devilish creature. The devil rides on a goat.
A goat (the animal itself, parts of its body, meat, milk) is used as a talisman. According to Macedonian belief, a goat cannot be jinxed. Russians and Ukrainians kept a goat in a barn, which the brownie (or devil) supposedly loved and therefore did not harm the horses. Shepherds kept a goat in a sheep pasture, believing that the goat prevented sorcerers from approaching the flock (Polish Beskids). In the Kostroma province, a goat's head was nailed in the yard to prevent the death of livestock. In Poland, if a cow was jinxed, you had to mix cow's milk with goat's milk - this would ward off the evil eye; a fire caused by lightning was poured out with goat's milk; when driving out a demon from a possessed person, they put a piece of goat meat in his mouth.
For humans, round pupils are the most common. But in goats, for example, they are rectangular!
What is this connected with? In fact, goats have pupils that look like horizontal slits. But when they expand, they become like rectangles. This allows goats to see 340°, practically without turning their heads. For comparison, a person can see 160 – 180° without turning their head.
During the day, in sunlight, the pupils of goats are very narrow. This is a kind of protection from sunlight. The eye protects itself from daylight, and at night it expands and becomes rectangular. The presence of such unusual pupils is inherent in nature. Rectangular pupils are not only found in goats, but also in other ungulates that graze in pastures. Such pupils help animals better navigate the plains and pastures. The shape of the pupil gives animals a better outlook at night, which gives them a good opportunity to navigate at night. This is also due to nature. Such animals can see danger and a predator (especially at night) before it notices them. This is inherent in the instinct of self-preservation. Exactly the same rectangular pupils are present in the octopus, which is due to nature and evolution.
Where does the expression "retired goat drummer" come from? " ?
In the 19th century, this was the name given to people without specific occupations, and sometimes just small, forgotten people, somehow surviving on some random and useless crafts. Where did this humorous definition come from?
Almost until the revolution, in the wilderness one could see a wandering troupe of beggars or semi-beggars: a guide with a learned bear showing various “things”, a “goat” - a man on whose head was mounted a rough semblance of a goat’s head made of burlap, and a “drummer”, often from retired soldiers, calling on the “public” with drumbeats.
To find ourselves in the position of a “retired drummer with a goat,” that is, to lose this job too, was already the ultimate limit of disaster. It is probably in the language of traveling troupes that we must look for the roots of our figurative expression.
A little bit new and interesting facts about goats.
Belarusians believed that the goat was created by the devil, and therefore looks like him. Ukrainians also considered a goat to be a damn creature, and if you sprinkle it with blessed water, it immediately “disappears” (dies). Goats have short tails, because the devil, driving the goats to pasture, tore off their tails (Polish, Ukrainian-Carpathian).
At the same time, the goat (the animal itself, parts of its body, meat, milk) acts as a talisman. In the barn they keep a goat, which the brownie (Russian, Kostroma) or the devil (Ukrainian, Zhytomyr) supposedly loves and therefore does not harm the horses. The brownie (Ukrainian) and weasel (Polesie) are afraid of goats (especially white ones). According to Ukrainian belief, if there is a goat in the barn, she will not let the witch take the milk from the cow. The shepherds kept the goat in the sheep pasture, believing that the goat prevented the charmers from approaching the flock (Beskydy region). To prevent the death of livestock, they nailed a goat's head in the yard (with a fire). According to Macedonian belief, a goat cannot be jinxed. If a cow was jinxed and it gave poor milk yield, you should get a goat and mix cow's milk with goat's milk; this would avert the evil eye.
- Goats are well developed: hearing, vision, smell, taste, etc.
- Goats have very delicate tastes and are picky eaters.
- Goats do not like, and are even afraid of, dampness.
- Goats can easily open a door with their muzzle or front legs (of course, if the door is not locked!).
- Goats grow a beard just like goats.
- A goat has long ears; because of them, the goat hears better.
- Goats can “hypnotize”, make their eyes mournful, look into a person’s eyes while begging for food.
- In Russia, 2/3 of the population have never tried goat milk.
- In the USA, the most expensive breeding goat of the Saanen breed cost $5,300 (1995)
- According to Greek myth, the goat Amalthea (Amalthea) fed the helpless baby Zeus with her milk in a certain cave on the island of Crete.
- The goat is a symbol of fertility. Hence his connection with deities and other mythological characters who personify this quality - Lithuanian Perkunas, Slavic Perun, Scandinavian Thor, Indian Pushan, Greek Pan, Prussian Puskaits. The chariots of these gods are drawn by goats.
- One of the agadic stories tells that a goat showed people the way to the Promised Land - they tied a rope to its tail and set off after it.
- DID YOU KNOW THAT WE HAVE TO THANK GOATS FOR COFFEE? IT WAS GOATS THAT FOUND THE COFFEE BEANS, FROM WHICH HUMANITY SUBSEQUENTLY LEARNED TO BREAKE COFFEE.
- In France, goats were often harnessed to small baby carriages. They were also used for gardening work; it was noticed that castrated goats were much more diligent and stronger.
- To this day, in Scandinavia, goats are sometimes hung with a head of garlic around their necks to protect them from trolls.
- There are over three hundred different breeds of goats
- A group of goats is called a herd or tribe and is usually led by a female
- Some goat breeds can jump higher than their height
- A goat tastes anything that reminds it of grass to then decide whether it will eat it.
- Goats do not have upper front teeth
WHERE DOES THE EXPRESSION “SCAPEAGOAT” COME FROM?
According to the ancient Jewish rite, on the day of remission of sins, the high priest placed his hands on the head of the goat and thereby laid the sins of the entire people on it.
The goat was then taken into the Judean desert and released. This is where the expression “scapegoat” comes from.
A FEW NEW AND INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT GOATS.
Normal body temperature in goats is from 39.0 to 39.3-39.4.
Goats have a large and well-developed brain.
Goats (if treated well) are easy to train.
Goats have well-developed hearing, vision, smell, taste, etc.
If treated poorly, the goat begins to show its temper.
Goats have a very delicate taste and are picky eaters.
Goats do not like and are even afraid of dampness.
Goats can easily open a door with their muzzle or front legs (of course, if the door is not locked!).
Goats, like male goats, grow a beard.
A goat has long ears - because of them the goat hears better.
Goats can “hypnotize”, make their eyes mournful, look into a person’s eyes, begging for food.
In 1906, in Paris, at the World Congress of Children's Doctors, goat's milk was recognized as the best natural substitute for human milk.
In zoos all over the world, goats are kept to feed cubs left without mother's milk, since goat's milk is suitable for almost all mammals.
Goat milk contains immunoglobulins and has been used since ancient times to treat and prevent many diseases, even such as tuberculosis.
Goat's milk is absorbed by the body 5 times faster than cow's milk, and is successfully consumed by people suffering from flatulence and intolerant of cow's milk.
Goats practically do not suffer from tuberculosis.
2/3 of the population have never tried goat's milk.
Milk from a dairy goat does not have the specific smell inherent in aboriginal goats; it tastes very pleasant; cooled milk takes on the taste of fresh hazelnuts.
Goat's milk removes radionuclides from the body.
Allergies are successfully treated with goat milk.
In the USA, the most expensive breeding goat of an overseas breed cost $5,300 (1995)
Breeding kids in the United States cost between $200 and $1,000, with the average dairy goat costing about $1,000.
According to Greek myth, the goat Amalthea (Amapthea) fed the helpless baby Zeus with her milk in a certain cave on the island of Crete.
The goat is a symbol of fertility. Hence his connection with deities and other mythological characters who personify this quality - the Lithuanian Perkunas, the Slavic Perun, the Scandinavian Thor, the Indian Pushan, the Greek Pan, the Prussian Puskaits. The chariots of these gods are drawn by goats.
People began to consume milk 10 thousand years BC, when wild goats were domesticated.
Goats are mentioned 200 times in the Bible.
One of the agadic stories tells that a goat showed people the way to the Promised Land - they tied a rope to its tail and followed it.
The record annual goat milk yield in Australia is 3,500 kg (Saanen breed), while in the Tver region among cows this amount fluctuates around 2,000 kg.
To this day, in Scandinavia, goats are sometimes hung with a head of garlic around their necks to protect them from trolls.
Tobago is home to goat racing. Surprisingly, this is one of the most popular, but also quite unusual sports on the island, where riders control goats using a three-meter leash and a whip. This strange sport has been taking place in Tobago since 1925, Bucco is exactly the place where you can watch this incredible action.
Did you know that we have goats to thank for our coffee? It was goats who found coffee beans, from which humanity later learned to brew coffee.
In France, goats were often harnessed to small baby carriages. They were also used for gardening work: it was noticed that castrated goats are much more diligent and stronger.
The goat has a very sensitive attitude to all atmospheric changes. In the mountains, everyone knows that a day or two before a storm, the goats’ peace is disturbed, they begin to bleat loudly and frequently, eat impulsively, and their milk yield is greatly reduced.
There are over three hundred different breeds of goats.
A group of goats is called a herd or tribe and is usually led by a female.
Some goat breeds can jump higher than they are tall.
Goats live about 8-12 years.
The goat tastes anything that reminds it of grass to then decide whether it will eat it.
