I would like to talk about the meaning and function of clothing as part of the appearance in our lives. I select several layers, each of which does not exclude the previous one.
Primitive. Personal Survival:
- Protection. Clothing is protection from cold, rain, hell, mosquitoes and other natural phenomena (well, probably from arrows))). There is nothing special to discuss here. I just want to note that when some girls or boys, in pursuit of a beautiful appearance, start dressing in light clothes in a 30-degree frost, it looks strange, because the basic function of clothes is violated.
- Security-camouflage. Starting with the skins that hunters used to cover themselves to get close to their prey, continuing with military camouflage. IN modern world this is represented, on the one hand, by "gray mice" that look so that they are not noticed in society, and, on the other hand, by a situation where some style or fashion for certain things prevails in one social group. Remember your school in the late 90s, there was a fashion for angora hoods - everyone goes to them. The fashion for square toes and trapeze heels has gone - all the girls in the class wear them. And if you don’t go, then you are considered either a show-off or very poor. Now it is more social security, but it has roots in the survival of ancient man.
Social. Survival in society. These perceptions are important only when there is a society:
- Identification:
- Overalls. For the period of performance of their duties, doctors, policemen, firefighters, military, workers social spheres and service personnel are required to wear uniforms. It is needed for the fastest possible identification of such a person in society in order to use his services. School uniform and the dress code grew from this layer.
- National Costume. National self-identification is no longer so important in the modern world. Islamic countries stand apart here with a mandatory veil, specific mandatory headdresses for some Hindus, and so on. But if we talk about modern society according to the European model, then national features in clothes have been left at the mercy of fashion. This may include the modern trend of wearing T-shirts "I am Russian" and the like among certain segments of the population.
- Clothing with pronounced gender differences. In this layer, the situation swings like a pendulum in 2 different worldviews. On the one hand, emancipation, gender equality and unisex clothing, and on the other hand, traditions obliging women and men to wear certain types of clothing, or vice versa, the personal desire of the individual to emphasize his femininity or masculinity in appearance.
- Clothing of certain subcultures. Goths, rockers, anime people and glamorous youth identify their own by their appearance. Here I would include adherents of certain styles. If you are dressed in vintage style, there is a certain trail of hobbies, interests and knowledge associated with this. Most likely you yourself know how to sew and do needlework, understand at least at some level in that era and listen to old music. And if I'm interested in getting to know such a person, I recognize him by his clothes.
- Identification of certain personality traits and character traits. This goal, in my opinion, is the most modern and therefore raises the most questions. Until now, some people have no idea how to demonstrate that I am sweet and do not gnaw the brain of loved ones? Or vice versa, how to look so that people are afraid to approach me and distract me from my favorite work? I will write about this below.
- Influence:
- Status clothing. Headdress of the leader of the tribe, crown, business suit expensive brand with expensive accessories. The status of these things is formed over the years and firmly imprinted in the minds of people in order to facilitate their management.
- Attractive clothing. On the one hand, these are the outfits of artists and musicians who need to attract the attention of the public, and on the other hand, openly sexy clothes that attract the opposite (or maybe even their own) sex.
- Imitation. This is when the snake pretends to be algae in order to eat the fish. An independent teenager pretends to be a child so that adults can resolve a difficult situation. The guy pretends that he is older and richer than he is in order to attract the attention of the girl. A successful businessman pretends to be a modest layman to see how his competitors are doing.
Find your style. What is it and why at all?
Our distant ancestors questions of finding their present, unique style in clothes would seem at least strange. For what? Don't you die? Neighbors not looking askance? On holidays there is something to wear - well, so what else do you need? What kind of "own style"?
Indeed, this is a very modern question. Our life in today's society goes by at high speed and we don't have time to communicate a lot with each other and reveal our characters, to get into trouble together or chat and eternally, looking at the stars. We exchange short messages and short glances. And very often it is impossible to assume that next to you, in a Chinese T-shirt and worn jeans, is a brilliant sculptor or a quantum physics teacher at a local university. On the other hand, we can be attracted to stylishly dressed people with iPhones, behind which there is nothing, no life experience, uninteresting photos on Instagram, stupid statuses on social networks. You made an effort, met, tried to find at least something under a fashionable hat, but as a result you regret the time spent.
There is also this funny post: "Here I am, a princess in a high tower, sitting here waiting for a prince to save me and marry me". As a high tower, a terrible appearance, extra pounds, tediousness, tough character, foul language and unbridled lifestyle. Such ladies often do not understand why no one is eager to save them? Or: "I'm waiting for a woman who, behind my sloppiness and alcoholism, will see a beautiful soul in me and love me for who I am". And so lonely men and women sit and wait for someone to be the first to finally start doing something, to change, to look at someone other than themselves.
But what if we remove society and the sexual question altogether? If you need to express yourself for yourself? From this, our grandfathers would have anathematized us in general. Because at first glance, there is no smell of any functionality and survival at all. But this is only at first glance. And the second one smells really good. Try to survive when you don't want to live. When you're too shy to express your romance just because it's out of fashion and "boys love active girls". Or vice versa, you hold back your active character so as not to look like a man. Or when you are a real woman, romantic, but all the men around are so weak that you look like a man against the background of them, and it tears you apart.
What are style sheets for?
Cascading Style Sheets or CSS (from the English Cascading Style Sheets) are a consequence of the further development of HTML and give us the opportunity to move to the next level of information presentation. Style sheets allow you to separate the semantic content of the page and its design.As we remember, in the first versions of the HTML standard, no means were provided for controlling the appearance of information. The general concept of hypertext was aimed at the availability of information for any device capable of reproducing text. For markup, it was recommended to use only logical tags that define headings, subheadings, lists, paragraphs, quotes, etc. - that is, those elements that make up the structure of the document. The interpretation of the appearance remained entirely on the conscience of the end terminal.
However, a lot has changed since then, and the HTML standard has lost its original coherence. Initially, Netscape added "improved tags" that allowed more control over the appearance of the information presented. The innovation caught on, and all Netscape extensions became the de facto standard. Then Microsoft did the same. When they realized it, HTML was a terrible mixture of logical and design tags, incompatible extensions, and completely ceased to meet the original concept - to present information on any device, regardless of its characteristics for displaying information.
Then a large-scale standardization was undertaken. As a result, the HTML 3.2 standard was born. It was not revolutionary, but only put all the innovations in their places and developed general recommendations for browser manufacturers. Revolutionary changes were introduced in the new standard - HTML 4.0 or, as it came to be called, Dynamic HTML. Layers, style sheets, and the universal browser object model were introduced.
The new standard tried to return to the origins of the concept of HTML. The fourth version, like the first, recommends creating pages in such a way that they can be played on any device - be it a 21 "monitor or a small black and white screen cell phone.
How was the problem with the presentation of the appearance of information solved? This is the revolutionary approach. All design is recommended to be placed in an external style file. The main page will contain only information and links to the necessary styles.
When displaying a page to a specific device, the appropriate style sheet must be used. For a cell phone and a computer monitor, they must, of course, be different. In the first case, we use a minimal design that will allow us to present information in the most optimal and compact way. In the second case, we have at our disposal all the richness of font and color design.
The style sheet needs to be written only once when creating a site for each of the devices on which information is planned to be displayed. In addition, the style sheet can be the same for the whole site. And, therefore, it will not be necessary to repeat the same style descriptions on each of the pages.
Placing all the style information in one external file opens up other useful possibilities for us - after all, by changing the contents of only one (!) style file, we can change the entire design of the site in a matter of seconds. And no other modifications are required. Of course, this is true only if the site was originally designed correctly.
Having dealt with a little theory, let's move on to practice, and we will start with the question of connecting a style sheet to an HTML file.
Including style sheets
To accomplish this task, we can use one of the 3 proposed methods:
external file
description in header section
inline description
Let's start with the simplest, with the so-called inline description or description embedded in a tag:
This text is overridden by the style
Using the additional style attribute, we can define the style parameters we need in any tag. This is the most easy way, and it operates within only one tag. But imagine how much the file size will grow, and how inconvenient it will be to fix it, if we specify the style for each tag. This method is not too different, for example, from the direct description of the appearance using the tag.
It is much more convenient to define all the necessary design styles in advance and then simply apply them to the appropriate tags. This will be the second way - the description in the header section. Its effect extends to the entire page. Styles are defined using classes, which are lists with the definition of all the necessary design parameters.
When using this method, the style description must be placed in the header section:
....
Now these styles can be applied anywhere in the html code. For this, the following construction is used:
This text is written in header style
This text is written in red
As you can see, everything is not so difficult. The main thing is to understand the basic principles. In addition to defining new classes, we also have the ability to override standard tags. For example, tag
Now all text enclosed in tags will look as defined by this style. This is very convenient and makes it easy to adapt existing pages to use styles. In addition, this somewhat reduces the size of the file due to the absence of unnecessary class attributes.
And finally, the third way is to move the style description to an external file. The range of its effect extends to all files in which the description is included. This method is most consistent with the concept of HTML 4.0. If we need to change the appearance of the site, then it will be enough to adjust only this one file. Compare it with previous methods. In one of them, you will have to change the description on each page, and in the other, even more so - near each tag, which, of course, is not inspiring at all.
How is the implementation of an external file? First, a style file is created with a description of all the classes we need (mystyle.css):
Header ( text-align: center; font-size: 27pt;)
.red (color: red; )
p ( text-align: center; font-size: 12pt;)
....
....
This is the most convenient way, and it is recommended to use it for the main style sheet.
Why did I say "main"? The fact is that in practice you have to use all three methods, and here the "cascade" of styles comes into play. But we will talk about this next time.
Let's continue talking about the use of style sheets. First, let's deal with the cascading of styles, and then move on to a review of the syntax and an overview of the most common options used when creating styles.
Style Cascading
So, first, let's figure out why the styles are called cascading. Let me, dear reader, once again give you ways to implement styles on a page:
using a separate style file and inserting it using a tag
style description in document header
applying the style as a parameter in the tag.
Cascading is that styles can be overridden. The above list of ways to inject styles is in order of override. A downstream method can override an upstream one.
For example, we have defined in an external style file that the text in the tag
must be written in 10 point font. But if in the page title we additionally indicate that the same text in the tag
must be written in 12-point font, then the text will be displayed in exactly this size - i.e. the style in the page header has overridden the style in the external file.
What is it for? Oh, this is a very useful thing. And now I will show it on a concrete example. Let's assume that for all links in the header on our page the following style is defined:
And, therefore, any text that is a hyperlink will automatically turn red and stop being underlined. And so we decided to indicate the copyright at the end of the page, but to do this not very noticeably, so as not to focus on this. But still, we want the copyright to be a link as well. We need to do this only in one place on the page, and it is not practical to define an additional class for this. In this case, cascading styles will come to our aid. It is enough to locally override the color of the link:
Copyright (C)
1998-2001 Cherry Design
We did this using the style parameter, and, as you remember, it only works within the tag in which it was defined. Which is what we need.
You may have noticed that in the above example, I introduced a new tag . It is designed specifically for such cases. All it does is define an area where we can apply the style. This is a very handy tag, because does not insert unnecessary spaces (i.e. empty vertical space) either before or after itself, as the tag does
In which tags is it better to define styles through a class? Most often, one of the following structures is used for this:
Something
Something
Tag
). But the style of the text with which the main content of the page is typed is best done by redefining the tag
And not the definition of a separate class.
And a small addition related to the correct display in both browsers - if you use a tabular layout for website design, then you need to define the style of the main text not only in the tag
, because Netscape categorically refuses to inherit styles assigned before a table.With cascades out of the way, let's talk about syntax.
CSS Syntax
The description of each class is done with a construct like this:
Small ( font-size: 9pt; )
First, the name of the class is indicated - it can be arbitrary, but it is still desirable to give a meaningful name. Further, in curly braces () all the necessary parameters for this class are listed. Parameters are separated from each other by a semicolon. Here is another example that uses a longer description:
Small ( font-size: 9pt; color: #eeeeee; text-align: center; )
Note that in both constructs, I started the class name with a dot and thus defined a generic class, i.e. one that can be applied to any tag. And this is done using the following structure:
Since there are universal classes, then there probably are some others? That's right, there are also so-called tagged classes:
p.small ( font-size: 9pt; )
A class defined in this way will only work in the tag for which it is intended, and will be ignored for all others:
This text will be rendered in small style.
We can define parameters not only for one tag, but also for several at once. To do this, in the style definition, it is enough to list them separated by commas:
p, td ( font-size: 9pt; color:green;)
This technique is called grouping, and in this case we have defined for
the same text size and color.In case of redefining existing tags, not all parameters can be specified in the style description, but only those that we want to change. All other parameters will take their default values, which are different for different tags.
Pseudo classes
In CSS, there is such a thing as a pseudo-class. Unlike a regular class, the action of a pseudo-class does not apply to the entire text to which this style is applied, but only to a part of it, and is possible only in a certain state. To make it clearer, let's look at the effect that links are underlined only when hovering over them. The effect is quite common, and it can be observed, including on this site. Here is a snippet of a style sheet that achieves the above effect:
a ( text-decoration: none; )
a:hover ( text-decoration: underline; )
The top line is a redefinition of the standard tag , which prevents links from being underlined, while the bottom one is a style definition for the hover pseudo-class, which describes the style of the link when the cursor is over it.
And here is another example of a pseudo-class - the definition of a drop cap at the beginning of a paragraph:
p:first-letter ( font-size: 200%; font-weight: bold; )
Note that in both cases, the effect of the style is either on a specific state (the user is about to click on the link) or on a piece of text (only the first letter of the paragraph changes). That's the point of pseudo-classes.
Imagine a document formatted in one font, without indents, tabs, headings. No doubt you will agree that such text is difficult to read. In order to make this text readable, you will need to highlight the heading, arrange subheadings in accordance with their level, make captions for figures and tables, highlight new terms, notes, set headers and footers, etc. Now imagine that you have to format each of the elements manually. If the document has a large enough volume, then the problem becomes unsolvable, provided that all elements of the same type (for example, signatures and headings of the corresponding levels) must be formatted uniformly.
With styles, you can set multiple formatting options in one step. At the same time, for each of the design elements, you can set your own style, which will have a unique name. In this case, when formatting elements, you do not have to set parameters using the Format menu commands (Font, Paragraph, etc.). You just need to set the required styles, and then each time just select the desired style from the list.
Using styles allows you to be more efficient and get your work done faster. Formatting with the help of styles comes down to selecting the necessary fragments of text and selecting the required style for this fragment from the list.
In MS Word, a style can be applied to an entire paragraph or to multiple characters. The fundamental difference is that a paragraph, thanks to the paragraph end sign, can not be selected, just set the cursor in it, and the character style can be applied to a text fragment of any size, but without a paragraph sign, so the required fragment must be selected.
The easiest way to install single character style is to select it and press the desired toolbar button: bold, italic, underline, and the selected character will be styled accordingly. Concerning paragraph style , then its name appears in the Style field of the Formatting toolbar when the cursor is positioned within a paragraph.
The default style is “Normal”. This style is applied to the body text of any document and serves as the basis for creating other styles.
Thus, by formatting paragraphs according to your idea of \u200b\u200bwhat a particular element of text should look like, while not forgetting to give a name to a new kind of formatting, you can create different styles for different purposes.
Actually style assignment is the ease of use. The point is that if there various styles you do not have to waste time formatting individual text elements, just place the cursor within the paragraph whose style you want to change, open the list of styles of the standard toolbar and select the style you need from the proposed list. As a result, the fragment will be formatted accordingly.
Formatting options can be found in a special help window (it can be called using the button on the “Standard” toolbar), as well as from the dialog boxes “Style”, “Change Style”, “Create Style”, “Organizer”. All of the dialog boxes listed above contain a Description section that lists all of the format options.
MS Word contains several dozen built-in styles, as well as five main or, as they are sometimes called, basic styles: Normal, Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3 And Default paragraph font. The styles used in the current document are listed in the Style list on the Formatting toolbar. The entire list of built-in styles can be seen in the "Style" dialog box when you set the All Styles option in the List field.
In some cases, MS Word automatically assigns inline styles. This happens when using the commands Note, Title, Table of Contents and Indexes And Footnote from the menu Insert, as well as from the menu Service- commands: Envelopes and stickers, from the menu View - Headers and footers.
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The moving image has a strong magnetic effect, and this may be the reason for the huge success of television. The creators of PowerPoint also took this feature into account.
Org Chart
To insert an organization chart into a slide, you must select the Organization Chart markup when choosing an auto layout for a slide. Double-clicking an object Inserting an organization
Insert sound
PowerPoint provides three ways to insert sound into a slide: import your own sound file; importing a sound file from the Microsoft Clip Gallery;
Measuring the duration of a presentation
PowerPoint allows you to determine the duration of each slide individually and all slides together. At the same time, under each slide in the slide sorter mode, there will be
Information Systems
Computer systems were created primarily for solving computational problems, however, as they developed, they increasingly began to be used to build dock processing systems.
Information system users
Users of the information system can be conditionally divided into two groups: internal and end. Internal users develop the information system and maintain
Relational and non-relational database systems
Almost all DBMS created since the late 70s are based on an approach that is called relational. Moreover, the vast majority of scientific research in the field of databases yes
Some Relational Database Terms
Table. Relational databases store information about objects of the same type in the form of tables. ATTRIBUTE - a certain piece of information about some object. For example, address
Microsoft access as a relational subd
Microsoft Access is a full-featured relational DBMS. It provides all the necessary tools for defining and processing data, as well as for managing them when working with
Windows Tools
Working in Microsoft Access, you can use almost all the tools provided operating system Microsoft Windows. If other Microsoft Office applications are mastered
Basic Object Relationship in Microsoft Access
The conceptual relationships of the main Microsoft Access objects are shown in fig. 8.1. Tables store data that is retrieved using queries. Forms and pages dos
Stage 7. Testing and improvement
After completion of work on the individual components of the application, it is necessary to check the operation of the application in each of the possible modes. Macros can be tested
Task Analysis
Let's say you're tasked with developing an application for cataloging and ordering books from Microsoft Press. The application must allow users to
Data and Information
It is necessary to understand the difference between data and information in a more rigorous sense of these terms, which will make it easier to identify the information that needs to be stored in the database. Data -
Selection of necessary data
After defining the tasks, it is necessary to draw up a description of the data necessary for its solution for each of them. In the worksheet of the task, you must enter the name of each data element, which
Task interaction
In any sequence of functioning of an information system, three main stages can be distinguished: information input, information processing and information output. Process
Selecting database objects
The stage following the analysis of the data and their binding to objects is quite simple. It is only necessary to fill out another set of work forms (Fig. 8.5).
Data types
Access supports nine data types: Counter; Monetary; Date Time; Hyperlink; MEMO field; Numerical; Object field
Basic Database Design Principles
In a relational DBMS of the Microsoft Access class, each database should be built around some set of tasks or functions. For example, one database dedicated to processing
Inefficient memory usage
Database tables are designed to store the data needed to perform some of the tasks of an application. Any table consists of columns or fields, each of which contains
Rule 1: uniqueness of fields
Inefficient memory usage is the main drawback of unnormalized tables, so removing redundant fields from tables is one solution to this problem. Rule 1: to
Rule 2: Primary Keys
A database is well designed if every record in any table is uniquely identified. This means that the value of some field (or several fields) is not repeated in any
Rule 3: functional dependency
After defining the primary keys for each table, you need to check that all the data included in the tables refers to the corresponding objects. In other words, you need to make sure that each
Rule 4: Field Independence
Last Rule allows you to check if there are any problems when changing data in tables. Rule 4: You must be able to change the values of any field (not included in the primary
Foreign keys
When considering the Microsoft Press Books database example described above, you will notice that when a new table is created, a field is included in the existing table each time that links the old and
Data Protection Tools
The created databases very often store information that is extremely important for the user, and its loss due to data changes or erroneous actions of another user can lead to
Some concepts
Computer network (computer network) - a set of two or more computers, as well as network devices, united by means of communication. Network technologies allow creating
Local computer networks
LAN (Local Area Network - local area network, LAN) - computers and other network devices connected together by a high-speed channel located at a slight distance from one another
Peer-to-peer computer networks
Two or more computers can be combined into a peer-to-peer local area network. To create a peer-to-peer network, all computers must be equipped with the necessary
Computer networks with a dedicated server
The model of peer-to-peer computer networks is convenient for building the simplest information systems with no more than ten computers (in extreme cases, fifteen). Lack of
Network topology
The network topology describes the scheme of physical connection of computers. There are three main types of network topology: Common bus (Fig. 9.3.) Star (Fig. 9.4.) Ring (Fig.
Data administration
The data administrator is not necessarily an information technology specialist. The functions of a data administrator can be performed by any administrative person, for example, a manager
Open Systems Interaction Model
The basis of Internet technologies is the seven-level model of open systems interaction (Open Systems Interconnection, OSI), proposed by the International Organization for Standardization.
session layer
The session layer provides for the establishment, termination and management of sessions. A session is a logical connection between two endpoints. The use of the session layer is not
Switches
There is some controversy in the interpretation of the term switch. According to the classic definition, at the link layer, a switch works almost like a bridge. The essence of the difference between the bridge about
IP addressing
In Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), network addresses are 32 bits long. IP addresses are assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), whose Web site has
Directory Services
Directory services are like phone books and yellow pages. Using the phone book, anyone can find information, for example, about Indian restaurants.
How does the Internet work?
So, you have a computer that is connected to the Internet through a provider (for this you need to conclude an agreement with the provider and pay the appropriate amount, as well as buy
HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a hypertext transfer protocol that provides access to documents on WEB sites.
directory and file
The location of the resource being addressed. Directory and file names must conform to Unix syntax, i.e. subdirectories are separated by a forward slash "/"; big and small letters
History of the Internet
The Internet began as a defense project funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense. The aim of the project was
Terminology
When two or more computers are connected by a permanent connection for exchanging data, one speaks of creating a computer network. network protocol
Introduction to email
The history of email systems goes back over 15 years. During this time Email managed to take a leading place in the structure of the means of information exchange between people. In contrast
Outlook Express user interface
The main elements of the user interface of Outlook Express are shown in fig. 10.2. Line h
Outlook Express mail folders
Outlook Express provides the user with the following standard folders: Inbox, Outbox, Sent Items, Deleted Items, and Drafts.
Set up Outlook Express
To work with the mail program, it must be configured for a specific mailbox, i.e. Create an account. For creating account you need to run the command
Connecting to a mail server
To receive incoming mail and send outgoing mail, you must establish a connection to the mail server. How to do it? Run the Service/Accounts command again
Options for Outlook Express
To set Outlook Express operation parameters, you need to execute the Service/Options command (Fig. 10.6).
Reading incoming mail
By default, all incoming mail is placed in the Inbox folder and sorted there by the date of receipt. Letters that you have not read yet are marked in bold and with a close icon.
Create a new message
To create a new message, you must click the Create message button on the Outlook Express toolbar, which will cause a separate window to appear (Fig. 10.8.). Work with
Outlook Express Address Book
The Address Book is a collection of email addresses of your e-mail colleagues, organized using a convenient software shell. To work with the address book, you need to
Your own style - every girl dreams of it. Be unique and memorable. After all, it is not for nothing that the word “style” comes from the Greek “stylo” - this was the name of the writing stick on the tablet. Each person has his own handwriting, hence the idea that style is something unique, because you never dare to go to the store with a friend and buy Evening Dress one style or color.
And here the main thing is not to confuse style and fashion. Fashion is a capricious and extremely changeable lady. But the chosen style - as a rule, is constant. Only details can change. The main outline remains the same. Therefore, your style is much more important than fashion trends. So many girls make a big mistake by blindly following fashion. Without thinking whether a branded and fashionable thing suits them or not. You need to try to evaluate yourself a little more critically than usual, so that buying a new thing would not become a waste of money. Now the frequent mixing of styles has become the norm, but even here you need to know when to stop. After all, in the end, you can just become a laughingstock. And this will be unpleasant. To avoid such mistakes, you can follow the advice of designers on how best to combine this or that thing. How to choose the right colors and materials, having learned all the rules of fashion, feel free to go to your favorite boutique and do not hesitate to buy dresses in bulk so that no one else can dress like YOU. After all, it is in the combination of colors and accessories that YOUR style lies. The world-famous Coco Chanel has become a style icon. The main difference between her clothes is luxury and at the same time simplicity, comfort and elegance. For this reason, this style will suit almost every woman, regardless of age. If you have not yet decided what style you want to stick to, but still want to look perfect, I can offer the perfect option. Namely - classic suit. It will emphasize all the advantages of your figure, and hide the flaws. The color scheme characteristic of this style is pastel colors, discreet, but elegant. They will talk about your restraint, sophistication. In addition, a suit does not mean trousers every day. You can purchase a four-piece suit - a skirt, trousers, a vest and a jacket. And combine them in a variety of compositions.
Another very important point when choosing a style is to take into account your character, your features, appearance. All together it should create unique image, harmonious. Your clothes should be an extension of yourself. There should be no disagreement between your appearance and your soul. Only then will you be happy. But the best decoration for a woman it is a happy smile.
Therefore, it remains only to wish you to find your own style and self-confidence as soon as possible. After all, when you are confident in yourself and your abilities, nothing is impossible for you.
The concept of style
Style - this is a collection of formatting options that has its own name.
Why are styles needed?
Imagine a document formatted in one font, without indents, tabs, headings. No doubt you will agree that such text is difficult to read. In order to make this text readable, you will need to highlight the heading, arrange subheadings in accordance with their level, make captions for figures and tables, highlight new terms, notes, set headers and footers, etc. Now imagine that you have to format each of the elements manually. If the document has a large enough volume, then the problem becomes unsolvable, provided that all elements of the same type (for example, signatures and headings of the corresponding levels) must be formatted uniformly.
With styles, you can set multiple formatting options in one step. At the same time, for each of the design elements, you can set your own style, which will have a unique name. In this case, when formatting elements, you do not have to set parameters using the Format menu commands (Font, Paragraph, etc.). You just need to set the required styles, and then each time just select the desired style from the list.
The required style from the list can be set using the box on the toolbar "Formatting" by selecting the desired style from the list. All correct documents
Using styles allows you to be more efficient and get your work done faster. Formatting with the help of styles comes down to selecting the necessary fragments of text and selecting the required style for this fragment from the list.
In MS Word, a style can be applied to an entire paragraph or to multiple characters. The fundamental difference is that a paragraph, thanks to the paragraph end sign, can not be selected, just set the cursor in it, and the character style can be applied to a text fragment of any size, but without a paragraph sign, so the required fragment must be selected.
The easiest way to install single character style is to select it and press the desired toolbar button: bold, italic, underline, and the selected character will be styled accordingly. Concerning paragraph style , then its name appears in the Style field of the Formatting toolbar when the cursor is positioned within a paragraph.
The default style is "Normal". This style is applied to the body text of any document and serves as the basis for creating other styles.
Thus, by formatting paragraphs according to your idea of \u200b\u200bwhat a particular element of text should look like, while not forgetting to give a name to a new kind of formatting, you can create different styles for different purposes.
Actually style assignment is the ease of use. The fact is that if you have different styles, you do not have to waste time formatting individual text elements, just place the cursor within the paragraph whose style you want to change, open the list of styles of the standard toolbar and select the style you need from the proposed list. As a result, the fragment will be formatted accordingly.
Formatting options can be found in a special help window (it can be called using the button on the “Standard” toolbar), as well as from the dialog boxes “Style”, “Change Style”, “Create Style”, “Organizer”. All of the dialog boxes listed above contain a Description section that lists all of the format options.
MS Word contains several dozen built-in styles, as well as five main or, as they are sometimes called, basic styles: Normal, Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3 And Default paragraph font. The styles used in the current document are listed in the Style list on the Formatting toolbar. The entire list of built-in styles can be seen in the "Style" dialog box when you set the All Styles option in the List field.
In some cases, MS Word automatically assigns inline styles. This happens when using the commands Note, Title, Table of Contents and Indexes And Footnote from the menu Insert, as well as from the menu Service- commands: Envelopes and stickers, from the menu View - Headers and footers.
Formatting options included in the concept of paragraph style:
Line numbering in a paragraph
The font in which the text of the paragraph is written
Indents and spacing set for this paragraph style
Tab stops set in a paragraph
Border around a paragraph of text
The language in which the paragraph is written. (Used to connect appropriate dictionaries when checking spelling and grammar for a given paragraph)
Font . In Word, font formatting is configured through the Font dialog box. (Called: menu “Format” - “Font ...”, or through the context menu: command “Font ...”)
Paragraph . Paragraph characteristics such as: position of a paragraph on a page, line spacing in a paragraph, distances before and after a paragraph, to the right and left of margins, etc. In Word, paragraph formatting is configured through the “Paragraph” dialog box. (Called: menu “Format” - “Paragraph...”, or through the context menu: command “Paragraph...”)
List
Marked and numbered.
See what you can do with these dialog boxes.
Quick ways to edit text
Text editing is done using the intuitive Formatting toolbar.
I will not write the purpose of all the keys, you will figure it out yourself in the course of work.
Split text into columns possible with the button. Select the desired number of columns.
Style creation
Format→Styles and Formatting
When creating a style, the necessary parameters are set (see above).
