The first analogues of heels, according to scientists, appeared around the 12th century. This element of shoes at that time was a small hard blotches that were supposed to be nailed to the shoes.

At that time, heels were worn mainly by men: the fact is that thanks to such a detail, it was much easier for riders to keep their feet in the stirrup even during a fast race.

A few years later, high-heeled shoes "migrated" wardrobe. There are several theories about who exactly created them. It is popularly believed that heels were invented in the 17th century from the Spanish city of Cordoba, moreover, no one can name the masters now. According to another version, they were created by Madame Pompadour, the world-famous mistress of the French king Louis XVI. The fact is that this lady was not tall and, trying to at least visually correct this shortcoming, wore high shoes with special support-heels. Her idea seemed so interesting to many court ladies that soon many noble women wore high-heeled shoes.

Who invented the stiletto heel

It is known that until the 1950s. stiletto heels did not yet exist. Nevertheless, although relatively little time has passed since then, no one can already accurately name the inventor of such a popular part. women's shoes. Authorship in this case is attributed to several people at once, including Roger Vivier, Salvatore Ferragamo, Charles Jourdan, Raymond Massaro.

Each of the masters in one way or another influenced the design of modern studs. Although it is impossible to say which of them invented thin high heels, it is safe to say that they all contributed to the improvement of this shoe detail.

The creator of the first high heels with a metal core is considered Salvatore Ferragamo. This Italian designer tried a lot of shoe designs and eventually offered fashionistas luxurious shoes with a metal stiletto shank. However, there is a theory according to which the first such product was invented by Roger Vivier, one of the employees of the Christian Dior fashion house, who once proposed large collection shoes with heels. This theory is also supported by the fact that Roger Vivier invented for Queen Elizabeth unique heeled sandals adorned with rubies. Finally, some researchers claim that Raymone Massaro invented stiletto heels when he made exclusive shoes for Marlene Dietrich.

17 chose

Hair itself is a decoration of a woman, but ladies of all times and peoples strive to decorate them. different ways. Wreaths, chains, lace bonnets, which the fair sex did not come up with in order to distinguish themselves from the crowd and make them talk about themselves. What jewelry did the girls of antiquity choose and are they very different from modern ones? Let's see!

IN Ancient Greece women loved and knew how to decorate their hairstyles. And the simplest and most common item used for this purpose was a wreath. They wove it from flowers, plant leaves, and later also from gold, and put it on on completely different occasions.

But not only women wore wreaths. Men from gladiators to emperors adorned their heads with them. Wreaths, by the way, were considered an excellent remedy for intoxication.

Women of the ancient world also wove into their hair special strips adorned with gold, pearls, mother-of-pearl and precious stones. And in Pompeii, hairpins made of ivory were found.

IN Ancient Rus' women wore a birch bark hoop. It was covered with fabric and sewn on with flowers, feathers and other decorations donated by nature. Or just embroidered.

And in the country of samurai Japan, even decorations for women's hairstyles were combat - these are small female kansashi stilettos that were used as hairpins, and if necessary, could serve their owner well.

In the Middle Ages, a starched lace cap was popular in Europe, the shape of which was on the conscience of every fashionista.

And at the beginning of the 18th century, girls preferred simple curls, decorated with ribbons, laces or flowers. This fashion was introduced by the Duchess of Shrewsbury, who in 1713 at a reception at Versailles appeared before Louis XIV in a soft manner with simple, slightly curly hair.

By the end of the 18th century, women needed a huge amount of time to style their hair: up to a day. Hairdressers created real works of art on the heads of their clients, cities, ships and even gardens with birds and artificial trees ... Often, their hair was not enough to build such complex hairstyles, so they were borrowed from maids and even horses. It is clear that such hairstyles were worn for more than one day, and sometimes even for several weeks. And Marie Antoinette played an important role in the "hair" fashion. All her life she was famous for her excellent taste for elegantly styled hair and invented a lot of different hairstyles, which were distinguished by a special passion.

Gradually, women refuse such elaborate hairstyles.

A French revolution overthrew the phantasmagoric hairstyles of women and returned them to simplicity and naturalness.

Today, no girl can do without hair accessories. Let's see what decorations the stars prefer.

It is difficult to say by whom and when the first hairpin was invented. It is only known for certain that it appeared long before our era.

In ancient Egypt, hairpins were an indispensable thing. The hairstyles of the pharaohs and those close to them were distinguished by the sophistication and splendor of jewelry: “modest” everyday gold hair accessories were complemented by pearls, gold plates and mother-of-pearl clips on holidays.

In ancient Greece, women decorated their hair with fresh flowers and bright ribbons, and in holidays they put on their heads diadems made of precious metals, inlaid with precious stones.

In Japan, many men used hairpins, seeing in them not only a reliable fixator of samurai hairstyles, but also ... an indispensable weapon. For example, "kansashi" - hairpins in the form of miniature stilettos up to twenty centimeters long - could easily be used as throwing knives. However, such dangerous decorations were held in high esteem only by ninjas and samurai. Ordinary citizens preferred much less extreme jewelry: harmless hairpins and combs.

In Rus', a braid to the waist was considered a national female hairstyle. Braiding the braid, the girls decorated it with ribbons, silk tassels and pendants. And on the forehead, the hair was held with bandages.

In Renaissance Europe, miniature hair ornaments were transformed into huge wire frames and hoops that held impossibly high hairstyles. All these babylons were decorated on the head with precious stones, ribbons, feathers, beads, tortoiseshell combs and ivory hairpins.

Over time, hairstyles began to decrease in size, and by the beginning of the twentieth century, hair length was catastrophically shortened. Feminist-minded ladies preferred chic curls short haircuts and did not recognize bright decorations. Hairpins became inconspicuous, hairpins and ribbons became purely functional things: with their help, they removed an interfering strand or collected hair in an inconspicuous bun or ponytail.

Today, fashion allows you to use any direction from its thousand-year history, because hair jewelry today has become an invariable element of style that completes the image.

Nobility Privilege

In ancient times, beautiful hairpins and bows were the privilege of the nobility. According to legend, the first hair ornaments were obtained as a result of a very curious story. It took place in France, in the seventeenth century. The crown prince of France traveled to Switzerland to propose marriage to the princess there. Already in the suburbs of Paris, his carriage broke down. Annoyed by the stop, the prince amused himself by looking at the products of local artisans, among which were simple hair accessories used by village girls. The carriage was repaired quickly, the princess agreed, and the prince eventually became king. It was then, in gratitude for the long-standing help, that he offered the village craftsmen to become exclusive suppliers of some household goods, including various decorations for the royal court.

Over time, hair ornaments became fashionable among the ladies of the court, and even a custom appeared: for every girl about to get married to have hairpins made especially for her from precious stones and metals among her dowry. And on the site of the small village from which everything started, there is still a factory that produces some of the best hair accessories.

Hairpins yesterday and today

A broken curl, sung by the poet, is just hair unsuccessfully pinned up with a hairpin. Today, decorating and keeping your hair in check is easy and simple. We are armed with machine guns, crabs, combs, exquisite stealths and 1000 years of tradition.

In ancient Egypt, hairpins were also in great fashion. The hairstyles of the pharaohs and those close to them were distinguished by the sophistication and splendor of decorations. Modest (only gold) everyday hair ornaments on holidays were complemented by pearls, gold plates, mother-of-pearl clips. In ancient Greece, the official ceremonial hairstyles of women were fixed with the help of diadems made of precious metals with precious stones. Simpler hairstyles were decorated with ribbons and flowers.

In Japan, hairpins were used even by men, and quite often - for dual purposes, at the same time as a weapon. The hairstyles of female ninjas were decorated with elegant hairpins in the form of miniature stilettos up to 20 cm long - kansashi, with which they pierced the throat of the victim. In extreme cases, such hairpins could be used as throwing knives. However, ordinary Japanese women's hairpins were not so extreme. The complex hairstyles of geisha were decorated with a large number of hairpins and combs, and more refined geisha wore less jewelry in their hair, but those that were available were more expensive than all simpler geisha hairpins.

In Russia, girls braided their hair, decorating it with ribbons, silk tassels, and pendants. On the forehead, the hair was held with bandages.

In Renaissance Europe, a kind of hairpin revolution took place. Hairstyles were made of huge sizes, using wire frames, hoops, and all these babylons were densely decorated with all kinds of ribbons, feathers, precious stones, beads, ivory hairpins, tortoiseshell combs.

In the 20th century, feminism began to triumph throughout the world. Women cut their hair short and the maximum that they used as hair ornaments was hoops. Hairpins have become invisible, hairpins and ribbons have become purely functional things, they are used only to remove an interfering strand, to collect hair in an inconspicuous bun or ponytail.

Today, hair ornaments are becoming an element of style, an extra touch to the image. Fashion allows you to use any direction from its thousand-year history - bright flowers in hippie style, ethnic motifs, oriental crests and stilettos, fortunately no longer a murder weapon. Precious and semi-precious stones are used both for exquisite jewelry in the spirit of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and for creating kitsch images. Headbands and combs are made of plastic, often painted to look like turtle or wood if used. classic style, or decorating with feathers and stones, if the avant-garde is preferable. Invisibles have long lost their invisibility, although some varieties are still difficult to notice in the hair, and they faithfully serve as assistants in the preparation of complex hairstyles, in simpler hairstyles they sparkle with rhinestones and are painted in all sorts of colors. Hairpins, diving into the depths of the hair, do not forget to coquettishly expose a ball of fluff or a pebble, turning the hair into a jewel-encrusted masterpiece.

The most popular materials for hairpins are iron and plastic. Thanks to them, hairpins are cheap enough to change them every day, and durable enough that you don’t have to say goodbye to your favorite hairpin too quickly. Crabs and crocodiles are not in vain so named - they cling to even the most naughty hair, but in order not to damage them, they are made of plastic. One can recall with horror the last century, when black rubber rings were considered rubber bands. They pulled hair to a squeak and were ugly and harmful. Now elastic bands can be modestly hidden in the hair or be so huge that you can see your child's ponytails from afar!

The history of hair ornaments It is difficult to say by whom and when the first hairpin was invented. It is only known for certain that it appeared long before our era. In ancient Egypt, hairpins were an indispensable thing. The hairstyles of the pharaohs and those close to them were distinguished by the sophistication and splendor of jewelry: “modest” everyday gold hair accessories were complemented by pearls, gold plates and mother-of-pearl clips on holidays. In ancient Greece, women decorated their hair with fresh flowers and bright ribbons, and on holidays they wore diadems made of precious metals inlaid with precious stones on their heads. In Japan, many men used hairpins, seeing in them not only a reliable fixator of samurai hairstyles, but also ... an indispensable weapon. For example, "kansashi" - hairpins in the form of miniature stilettos up to twenty centimeters long - could easily be used as throwing knives. However, such dangerous decorations were held in high esteem only by ninjas and samurai. Ordinary citizens preferred much less extreme jewelry: harmless hairpins and combs. In Rus', a braid to the waist was considered a national female hairstyle. Braiding the braid, the girls decorated it with ribbons, silk tassels and pendants. And on the forehead, the hair was held with bandages. In Renaissance Europe, miniature hair ornaments were transformed into huge wire frames and hoops that held impossibly high hairstyles. All these babylons were decorated on the head with precious stones, ribbons, feathers, beads, tortoiseshell combs and ivory hairpins. Over time, hairstyles began to decrease in size, and by the beginning of the twentieth century, hair length was catastrophically shortened. Feminist-minded ladies preferred short haircuts to chic curls and did not recognize bright jewelry. Hairpins became inconspicuous, hairpins and ribbons became purely functional things: with their help, they removed an interfering strand or collected hair in an inconspicuous bun or ponytail. Today, fashion allows you to use any direction from its thousand-year history, because hair jewelry today has become an invariable element of style that completes the image. The privilege of the nobility In ancient times, beautiful hairpins and bows were the privilege of the nobility. According to legend, the first hair ornaments were obtained as a result of a very curious story. It took place in France, in the seventeenth century. The crown prince of France traveled to Switzerland to propose marriage to the princess there. Already in the suburbs of Paris, his carriage broke down. Annoyed by the stop, the prince amused himself by looking at the products of local artisans, among which were simple hair accessories used by village girls. The carriage was repaired quickly, the princess agreed, and the prince eventually became king. It was then, in gratitude for the long-standing help, that he offered the village craftsmen to become exclusive suppliers of some household goods, including various decorations for the royal court. Over time, hair ornaments became fashionable among the ladies of the court, and even a custom appeared: for every girl about to get married to have hairpins made especially for her from precious stones and metals among her dowry. And on the site of the small village from which everything started, there is still a factory that produces some of the best hair accessories. Hairpins yesterday and today A broken curl, sung by the poet, is just hair unsuccessfully pinned up with a hairpin. Today, decorating and keeping your hair in check is easy and simple. We are armed with "machine guns", "crabs", combs, exquisite "stealth" and 1000 years of tradition. In ancient Egypt, hairpins were also in great fashion. The hairstyles of the pharaohs and those close to them were distinguished by the sophistication and splendor of decorations. Modest (only gold) everyday hair ornaments on holidays were complemented by pearls, gold plates, mother-of-pearl clips. In ancient Greece, the official ceremonial hairstyles of women were fixed with the help of diadems made of precious metals with precious stones. Simpler hairstyles were decorated with ribbons and flowers. In Japan, hairpins were used even by men, and quite often - for dual purposes, at the same time as a weapon. The hairstyles of female ninjas were decorated with elegant hairpins in the form of miniature stilettos up to 20 cm long - kansashi, with which they pierced the throat of the victim. In extreme cases, such hairpins could be used as throwing knives. However, ordinary Japanese women's hairpins were not so extreme. The complex hairstyles of geisha were decorated with a large number of hairpins and combs, and more refined geisha wore less jewelry in their hair, but those that were available were more expensive than all simpler geisha hairpins. In Russia, girls braided their hair, decorating it with ribbons, silk tassels, and pendants. On the forehead, the hair was held with bandages. In Renaissance Europe, a kind of hairpin revolution took place. Hairstyles were made of huge sizes, using wire frames, hoops, and all these babylons were densely decorated with all kinds of ribbons, feathers, precious stones, beads, ivory hairpins, tortoiseshell combs. In the 20th century, feminism began to triumph throughout the world. Women cut their hair short and the maximum that they used as hair ornaments was hoops. Hairpins have become invisible, hairpins and ribbons have become purely functional things, they are used only to remove an interfering strand, to collect hair in an inconspicuous bun or "tail". Today, hair ornaments are becoming an element of style, an extra touch to the image. Fashion allows you to use any direction from its thousand-year history - bright flowers in the style of hippies, ethnic motifs, oriental combs and stilettos, which, fortunately, are no longer a murder weapon. Precious and semi-precious stones are used both for exquisite jewelry in the spirit of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and for creating kitsch images. Headbands and combs are made of plastic, often painted to look like a tortoise or wood if the classical style is used, or embellished with feathers and stones if the avant-garde is preferred. "Invisibles" have long lost their invisibility, although some varieties are still difficult to notice in the hair, and they faithfully serve as assistants in the preparation of complex hairstyles, in simpler hairstyles they sparkle with rhinestones and are painted in all sorts of colors. Hairpins, diving into the depths of the hair, do not forget to coquettishly expose a ball of fluff or a pebble, turning the hair into a jewel-encrusted masterpiece. The most popular materials for hairpins - "machines" - iron and plastic. Thanks to them, hairpins are cheap enough to change them every day, and durable enough that you don’t have to say goodbye to your favorite hairpin too quickly. "Crabs" and "crocodiles" are not in vain so named - they cling to even the most naughty hair, but in order not to damage them, they are made of plastic. One can recall with horror the last century, when black rubber rings were considered "rubber bands" in our country. They pulled hair to a squeak and were ugly and harmful. Now elastic bands can modestly hide in the hair or be so huge that you will see your child's "tails" from afar!