Methods and forms of work with military personnel serving under a contract in the positions of soldiers and sergeants - a document. The methodology of work of sergeants in the military education of subordinates The content of the work of junior commanders in the education of subordinates

PLAN-SUMMARY

conducting classes on public-state training

TOPIC: “Sergeant and military team. The role of non-commissioned officers in strengthening friendship and military comradeship, uniting the military collective.

TIME: 1 hour

VENUE: leisure room

STUDY PROCEDURE:

In the conditions of the army and navy, along with officers and warrant officers, junior commanders - sergeants and foremen - perform important tasks. This is the largest detachment of commanders in the Russian Armed Forces. They are the closest and immediate superiors of soldiers and sailors and play a very important role in their training and education, in maintaining the statutory order and discipline in subunits, units and on ships. What exactly is this role? 1. From the first days of the service of young soldiers, sergeants and foremen become their closest mentors, accustom them to strict observance of regulations, help the soldier realize his personal involvement in strengthening the Armed Forces. Constantly communicating with subordinates, sergeants and foremen convincingly and intelligibly explain to them the goals of military service, the mission and functions of the Russian Armed Forces. At the same time, it is of great importance to explain to young soldiers the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the defense of the Fatherland, the requirements of laws and military regulations on military service. Each soldier must deeply understand that his success in combat training, mastery of equipment and weapons, high discipline are necessary for the military collective and for the Armed Forces as a whole.

Instilling love for military service, it is necessary to fully disclose the course of military reform, show its successes, difficulties and problems, and explain the tasks facing the unit and subunit. To do this, it is important for sergeants and foremen to keep abreast of ongoing events in the country and abroad, to be able to answer subordinates to their questions, to help each soldier determine his place in solving the tasks assigned to the subunit, unit. It is important to skillfully use the heroic history of the Armed Forces and their combat traditions for educational purposes. It has long been an unshakable rule in the army and navy: the service of young soldiers begins with a visit to the rooms of military glory, museums, which reflect the combat path of a formation, regiment, ship. Military service is unthinkable without strict adherence to regulations. No wonder there is a saying in the army "Live according to the charter, you will win honor and glory." In the course of explaining them to sergeants and foremen, it is important to achieve a deep understanding by each soldier that the regulations are a set of laws of army life, that it contains vast experience accumulated over many tens or even hundreds of years.

It is necessary to show that their requirements are exceptionally rational, thought out, they are aimed not only at establishing a certain order, without which the life of the unit cannot be carried out, but also at the formation of many valuable personality traits. 2. Junior commanders play an important role in teaching military skills to their subordinates, in mastering military equipment and weapons, and in instilling high moral and combat qualities necessary in battle. Sergeants are called upon not only to form in their subordinates a correct idea of their role in combat, to achieve a deep mastery of weapons and military equipment, as well as the masterful use of their tactical and technical capabilities, but also to reinforce all this by personal example. This is due to a number of reasons. First, by the fact that each of the sergeants performs a specific function of a military specialist in the unit.

His poor command of weapons and military equipment will inevitably affect the performance of the entire unit or unit. And this is unacceptable. Secondly, sergeants are closer than all other commanders to subordinate soldiers, they are obliged to train them, work with them individually, instill in them a love for service, a careful attitude to weapons and military equipment. Therefore, high personal training, good knowledge of the rules for the use, storage and preservation of equipment and weapons by subordinates are the most important conditions for the successful fulfillment by each sergeant of his military duty.

Thirdly, sergeants are leaders and organizers of the actions of subordinates in battle. The strength and combat power of the units and the army as a whole depend on their coherence and interaction. Commanding activity of sergeants has a number of features.

One of them consists in approximately the same age, education, life experience as subordinates. In addition, they live, study, serve, and maintain equipment together with their subordinates. This requires from each sergeant a deep understanding of his place in the system of training and education of subordinates. The task of the sergeant is to form moral-political, combat, psychological and physical qualities in the squad, crew, crew, on a combat post and, on the basis of this, develop high skill, spiritual stability, and constant readiness to endure any trials of war.

Those sergeants who, in the course of training, create various tense situations, develop the initiative and independence of their subordinates, do the right thing. It must be remembered: any indulgence in the lesson slows down the development of skills among warriors effective use weapons, leads to unjustified expenditures of material resources, to complacency and complacency.

3. The role of sergeants in moral education subordinates, in the formation of their moral qualities, raising morale. Junior commanders exercise their influence through a variety of means of influence: words, personal example, creating appropriate relationships in the team, organizing work and recreation for soldiers. The point is to make more correct use of all these means, to apply them actively and creatively. The activities of sergeants in restoring the statutory order, in individual educational work, in creating a favorable moral climate in the team, by no means always meet modern requirements. What are the reasons for this situation? Firstly, individual sergeants are affected by poor preparedness for the performance of their duties: they lack the skills of educational work with subordinates, the ability to fully manage the department in exercises and scheduled classes. Some have insufficiently developed responsibility for the state of affairs in the unit. Secondly, due to their inertia and poor preparedness, junior commanders are often forced to replace officers.

As a result of this, sergeants gradually cease to feel like commanders, withdraw themselves from the training and education of subordinates. Thirdly, there are shortcomings in the selection of candidates for sergeant positions. Strong military discipline and organization are formed by the entire way of military service. But the main role in its formation among the personnel belongs to military personnel, primarily officers, as well as their closest and reliable assistants - sergeants (foremen). No one better than junior commanders can know the strengths and weaknesses of soldiers and sailors, their moods, inclinations and interests, and options for behavior. It must be emphasized that junior commanders make up 70-80 percent of the entire command staff of the Armed Forces. This largely determines their role in the training and education of subordinates. They live a common life with them, share the difficulties and joys of military service, sleep in the same barracks and eat the same way. Finally, they are the same age as soldiers and sailors, have approximately the same life experience and level of education as they do, which creates an atmosphere of mutual understanding and trust in their relations. Strong military discipline, obedience and diligence were one of the solid foundations of mass heroism, courage and bravery shown by our soldiers in the battles for the freedom and independence of the Motherland.

It should be noted that sergeants have always been a model of military discipline, which allowed them to show heroism, courage and bravery in battle, as well as successfully educate their subordinates. Here are some examples. In the battle near Moscow in the autumn of 1941, the tank commander Senior Sergeant I.T. performed an unprecedented feat. Lyubushkin. In one of the battles, he received an order to hold an important stronghold.

And when an avalanche of enemy tanks rushed at him, Lyubushkin did not lose his head. Having shown loyalty to military duty and high discipline, he boldly entered into battle with the superior forces of the Nazis. In this battle, he knocked out five enemy tanks, held the line until reinforcements arrived. With his feat, he thwarted the enemy’s plan and ensured the successful completion of an important task by his battalion. Senior Sergeant I.T. Lyubushkin was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And the gunner, junior sergeant M.P. Akimov, having shown courage and stamina, emerged victorious in an unequal battle with 15 enemy tanks. With well-aimed shots, he knocked out 4 of them, destroyed up to 40 enemy machine gunners, the rest of the tanks turned back. The calculation of junior sergeant Akimov honorably fulfilled the order of the command - he held his position without retreating a single step. Truly, discipline and heroism go hand in hand. For the exemplary execution of command orders, for courage, bravery and dedication shown during the years of the Great Patriotic War almost four thousand privates and junior commanders were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

It is quite remarkable that 2802 of them are sergeants and foremen. Faithful to patriotic and military duty, Russian soldiers carefully preserve and multiply the combat traditions of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. In peacetime conditions, in the process of combat training, they persistently improve their military skills, cultivate high moral, psychological and combat qualities necessary for the skillful and reliable defense of the Russian state. The Chechen events convincingly showed that the Russian soldiers, defending the territorial integrity of the country, showed mass heroism and courage, high discipline and organization. So, in one of the battles, senior warrant officer V. Ponomarev, acting as part of a reconnaissance group, destroyed several militants. And then, when repulsing the attack, he covered the corps commander with himself, taking on an enemy blow. At the cost of his own life, he saved the general. Senior warrant officer V. Ponomarev was awarded the title of Hero Russian Federation.

Another example. The squad leader, Sergeant I. Popozov, during the battle maintained a stable connection with the sappers who performed a number of engineering tasks. He was the first to detect the enemy and opened aimed fire, in the ensuing skirmish he skillfully took the fire of the militants on himself, which allowed the engineering platoon to successfully complete the combat mission. The sergeant was awarded the Order of Courage. In total, for the exemplary execution of command orders in battles on the territory of the Chechen Republic, more than 20 thousand Russian military personnel were awarded state awards by the end of May 1995. Life confirms in this way that high military discipline - the most important factor combat readiness of troops, an indispensable condition for victory in a combat situation.

Therefore, strict observance of military discipline is a patriotic and military duty of every serviceman. The interests of strengthening the security of the Fatherland dictate the need for exemplary fulfillment of the requirements of military regulations and the Military Oath, the manifestation of impeccable obedience and diligence. Sergeants (foremen), as already mentioned, are the most numerous detachment of the command staff of the Armed Forces. Being trained military specialists, they are the immediate superiors of soldiers and sailors, organizers of their training and education in peacetime and wartime. The level of combat training, discipline and morale of the personnel of the unit largely depends on them. Most sergeants (foremen) play an active role in the public life of military collectives. Many of them, the best trained of them, are assistants to the leaders of groups of public and state training of personnel, periodically inform soldiers and sailors on issues of the domestic and international life of the country. At the present stage of development of the Russian Armed Forces, the role of sergeants (foremen) has increased significantly. The army and navy are now equipped with sophisticated weapons and equipment.

Their service requires high skill from each soldier entering the squad, calculation, crew. These requirements are especially relevant for junior commanders. Marshal of the Soviet Union V.K. Blucher rightly wrote: “Who is a junior commander? - This is the closest commander and educator of a fighter ... This duty can be performed only by a full-fledged commander of his squad, crew ... Only a competent junior commander. The score has not lost its relevance. General military charters (for example, articles 152 and 153 of the Charter of the internal service) determine the content and main directions of the organizational and educational work of sergeants (foremen) to strengthen military discipline and maintain strict statutory order in the unit.

What directions? First of all, this is the education of personal responsibility and constant readiness for the armed defense of the Fatherland in their subordinates. “Protection of the Fatherland,” is indicated in Art. 59 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation - is the duty and obligation of a citizen of the Russian Federation. It follows from this that the defense of the Fatherland is of national importance. This is the reason for the personal responsibility of a warrior for his protection; all other qualities are based on it, on personal responsibility. The responsibility of a warrior is a special category. Perhaps in no other field of activity, except for the military, this quality does not have such a decisive value. Loyalty to constitutional duty is also the core quality of a warrior, it is the backbone of his character. It is fidelity to constitutional duty that enables a soldier to devote all his spiritual and physical strength to military labor, selflessly serve the people, and strengthen the security of the Fatherland.

Loyalty to duty inspires a warrior to exploits in the name of the Motherland. Concrete expression of the constitutional duty of a soldier is military duty. The essence of military duty is set out in Article 24 of the Law "On the Status of Servicemen": "Protection of the state sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, ensuring the security of the state, repelling an armed attack, as well as fulfilling tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation." Such ethical categories as military honor, conscience, justice, etc. are directly related to military duty. Military practice shows that only on the basis of patriotic conviction is it possible to achieve such a degree of conscious attitude to military duty, when the convictions and will of the soldier become a single alloy, when the order is reinforced by the dictates of conscience, when discipline turns into self-discipline.

In the work of sergeants (foremen) to strengthen military discipline, it is important to actively and constantly patriotic education subordinates. Patriotism, love for the Motherland is the ideological basis of high moral, psychological and combat qualities, discipline of soldiers and sailors. Without this foundation, the army not only cannot function normally, but even exist. The famous Russian military teacher, General P.I. Treskin rightly noted: “Without patriotism, a soldier is not a warrior ... The spirit of patriotism must underlie and crown the military system, otherwise it will have no value.” The discipline of soldiers and sailors largely depends on how well they know and fulfill the requirements of the Military Oath and military regulations. Military regulations have absorbed the experience of training and indoctrination of troops accumulated over the centuries, they represent a true code of laws of military service.

Therefore, the duty of junior commanders is to deeply study the regulations with subordinates, to take care of the strict fulfillment of their requirements. Practice shows that the effectiveness of this work depends on the extent to which the junior commanders themselves know and comply with the requirements of the regulations, and serve as an example for subordinates in this respect. Of great benefit is the use of various forms and methods of studying charters - an exchange of views in the department (calculation), meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War and combatants in Afghanistan and Chechnya, discussion of books read and watched films dedicated to the exploits of our soldiers, etc. Of invaluable importance is the exactingness of junior commanders, strict, equal and fair demand from subordinates for the impeccable fulfillment of statutory requirements. Russian writer N.A. Dobrolyubov somehow correctly remarked: “The chief must constantly try to show ... that he notices everything, looks at everything and always knows whether his order is executed as he wanted.”

When discussing this issue, it is advisable to consider the experience of advanced sergeants - demanding and exacting. An important place in the work of junior commanders is occupied by the training of subordinates in military skills. In the laws "On defense", "On the status of military personnel". This is due to their military discipline. In addition, this requirement is most fully fulfilled in the first place by disciplined warriors. It is easy to see that there is an organic close connection between military discipline, the discipline of soldiers and military skill. This connection is due to the fact that the formation of high moral-psychological and combat qualities and the improvement of military skills are impossible without strong military discipline.

A disciplined and efficient soldier treats combat training with full responsibility. He understands well that qualitative changes in armaments, military equipment, methods of conducting modern combat impose more stringent requirements on combat readiness. And there can be no combat readiness without strong, conscious discipline. It is equally important to know the individual characteristics of subordinates, to take them into account in the process of training and education. Let's say there are facts when a young soldier is initially frightened by the complexity of technology. He is insecure about the possibility of mastering it. The squad leader will act wisely, trying to dispel this wrong opinion, to instill confidence in the soldier in his strengths and capabilities. The squad leader must also take into account the unequal level of general training of subordinates, unequal abilities in the study and mastery of weapons and military equipment. An important direction in the work of sergeants and foremen in strengthening military discipline and maintaining a strict statutory order in the subunit is to instill in subordinates a sense of high vigilance. This is one of the most important requirements of military discipline. The Charter of the Internal Service and the Disciplinary Charter emphasize that military discipline obliges each serviceman "to be vigilant, to strictly keep military and state secrets."

The work of sergeants (foremen) to strengthen military discipline, maintain a strict statutory order in the unit is also carried out in some other areas. Of great importance is the rallying of the military collective and the use of its capabilities in instilling discipline in subordinates, military comradeship, and the collective responsibility of the entire squad (crew) for the service and behavior of each soldier and sailor. Of course, much in this work depends on the personal example of the junior commander. Since ancient times, people say: "The army is strong voivode." The personal example of a commander, his moral character and authority give rise to respect and trust in his subordinates, contribute to the unity of the team, and increase its educational role.

The ability of sergeants and foremen to correctly build relationships with subordinates in accordance with their individual characteristics, the art of managing interpersonal relations in a military team has a very positive effect on strengthening military discipline. In this regard, it is important to know well the real structure of interpersonal relations in the department, the composition of microgroups, their orientation, leaders, etc. This will contribute to the conduct of substantive educational work to strengthen military discipline, to eliminate negative phenomena (hazing, etc.) among soldiers and sailors.

The military collectives of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are multinational. Therefore, in strengthening military discipline and maintaining high combat readiness, the work of sergeants (foremen) in the international education of soldiers is of great importance. First of all, it is necessary to form in them respect for national feelings, customs and traditions. The military manuals emphasize that the main method is the method of persuasion, addressed to the mind and feelings of soldiers. However, it does not at all exclude coercive measures. The work of sergeants and petty officers gives the desired result if they have a correct, informed disciplinary practice. The disciplinary charter requires: not a single violator of military discipline should evade responsibility, but not a single innocent should be punished.

We are talking about the skillful combination and correct application of measures of persuasion, coercion and public influence on soldiers and sailors. Thus, military discipline is an exceptionally capacious and broad concept, covering essentially all spheres of life and activity of servicemen. Therefore, the ways, forms and methods of work of junior commanders in educating subordinates in the spirit of unquestioning obedience and diligence, strict observance of the requirements of the Military Oath and military regulations are diverse. The team leader is encouraged to highlight these areas, using specific examples from the life of his unit.

The whole history of human society is connected with discipline. The need to streamline the life and activities of people has forced mankind to develop a number of rules, norms, laws that regulate the behavior of members of society in various situations. All this is especially important in relation to military activity, which is unthinkable without diligence and strict adherence to orders.

The concept of discipline in the writings of ancient philosophers and historians was interpreted as "obedience to legitimate authority", " good order”, “coherence of actions”. It was also regarded as the great virtue of a citizen warrior, as an important personal quality. So, in discipline Plutarch saw the source of strength and power of the army, the state. Plato also pointed out the obligation to follow the requirements of the norms of society and leaders. In particular, he noted: “... the situation is as follows: whoever took a place in the ranks, finding it the best for himself, or where someone was appointed by the boss, then there ... and must remain, despite the danger, neglecting death. and all but shame."

The first domestic documents, which drew attention to the problem of military discipline, were the "Instructions" of Prince Vladimir Monomakh. In them, he set out the requirements for governors - to be an example for their subordinates in battles, and for combatants - to unquestioningly follow orders. According to the Teachings, warriors were supposed to be silent in the presence of their elders, listen to the wise, and remain in love with the younger ones. It should be noted that in the era of feudal fragmentation, discipline in the princely squads was maintained on the basis of codes of honor, observance of the oath of allegiance. Their violators were kept "in need" (were subjected to punishment) and could be punished up to and including the death penalty. Disciplined behavior was encouraged by various awards (valuable gifts, property). This approach made it possible to ensure order, organization, and contributed to the victories of our ancestors over numerous invaders.

The development of military affairs, the change in the means and methods of warfare required even greater organization and diligence.

Word "discipline" in Latin means "teaching". The concept of "discipline" is also interpreted as "subordination to the statutory order, rules, obligatory for all members of a team", as restraint, the habit of strict order. In a broad sense, discipline is seen as a necessary condition for the normal existence of any society, thanks to which collective activity and the normal functioning of social organizations are ensured.

With the help of discipline, coordination of actions is achieved, subordination and comradely assistance are ensured. Compliance with discipline makes it possible to apply the efforts of many people at the same time, it is a highly effective means of social management.

There are the following types of state discipline - this is public, labor, discipline of public organizations. It is acceptable to talk about discipline performing, financial, educational, discipline time etc. At the same time, it is important to understand that such a division carries an element of a certain conventionality.

Military discipline is one of the forms of state discipline, the basis of the combat readiness and combat capability of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

It is designed to regulate the military order, the relationship between military personnel, relations in subunits in order to ensure high organization and combat effectiveness. Its difference from other types of discipline is due to the nature of military activity, which requires from the people who carry it out special composure, accuracy, diligence, endurance, mutual understanding, mobility, speed in the execution of all orders, etc. Because of this, military discipline is characterized by a number of features: the obligatory nature of its requirements for all categories of military personnel; the coincidence of the goals of legality and military discipline; detailed regulation of the rules of conduct for the entire spectrum of military activities; increased legal responsibility for violating the order and rules of military service; mandatory observance of moral norms, supported by statutory requirements; disciplinary responsibility for violation of the rules, norms not only in official, but also in off-duty situations; unity of unconditional fulfillment of established norms and manifestation of activity, independence, creativity, etc.

A well-known truth: without discipline, not a single army in the world can be combat-ready. One of the outstanding military figures and educators of Russia, General M. I. Dragomirov, described a military unit in which a high level of discipline is maintained in the following way: “Such a unit (unit) may not knock out touching percentages when firing, may not be particularly solid in the ranks. She may lose her footing, but she never will. And in difficult moments, of course, will be preferred to those that knock out percentages and march perfectly, but are not so reliable.

The concept of "discipline" means a specific quality of a soldier that ensures his stable behavior in accordance with the rules in the conditions of military service. It is characterized by external and internal indicators.

External indicators of discipline:

strict observance of military order;

accurate and proactive execution of orders and orders of commanders and superiors;

careful attitude to weapons and military equipment, their competent use in solving combat training and service tasks;

exemplary appearance.

Internal indicators of discipline:

belief in the need for military discipline:

knowledge of regulations and instructions, requirements of military service;

the ability to manage oneself in accordance with the requirements of military discipline;

skills and habits of disciplined behavior;

self-discipline.

Of course, the relationship between external and internal indicators of the discipline of a particular soldier is ambiguous. It can be harmonious, but it also happens that a warrior observes a certain order, not being convinced of its necessity. In this case, the prevailing understanding is that a violation will be followed by severe punishment. The complexity of the tasks solved by military units, the problem of staffing and much more require that each serviceman be sympathetic to the requirements placed on him, serve not out of fear, but out of conscience. Only then can one speak of high conscious discipline. Discipline as a personal quality is not born together with a person, and even more so is not given to a warrior along with shoulder straps. It is formed and developed in the course of his army life and activities. Let us consider the priority areas of work of commanders in the formation and development of discipline among soldiers.

The main directions of the formation and development of discipline among military personnel:

skillful management of the activities and behavior of military personnel;

maintaining a strict statutory order in the unit; effective educational work; self-education of discipline;

care for a healthy moral and psychological climate in the team.

When working with servicemen under a contract, it is necessary to take into account in the work the issues of caring for the family of a serviceman and the implementation of the terms of the contract concluded by him,

It is impossible to instill in soldiers the principles of discipline without monitoring their full and exact observance of the requirements of the regulations. At the same time, one should not forget about the formation of the motivational and orienting basis of their behavior. In other words, every time you need to explain why and how to act in certain situations. Skillful organization of this work helps the soldiers overcome the negative reactions caused by the difficulties of service, especially in the first period, quickly and painlessly adapt to the daily routine, get into line sooner and achieve positive results in combat training in the future.

In parallel, work is carried out in the team:

cultivating positive relationships;

formation of healthy public opinion and unity of views on the main issues of service and combat training;

overcoming negatively directed leadership;

maintaining friendship and mutual assistance, attentive and demanding attitude of colleagues to each other.

Practice shows: easier to achieve desired results if the warriors themselves are actively involved in the solution of this task.

The formation of discipline skills among military personnel, readiness to flawlessly fulfill the requirements of the Military Oath and military regulations begins from the first day of their service. At the same time, it is important for the sergeant to bring to the consciousness of each subordinate not only the content, but also the deep meaning, the social significance of discipline.

Each sergeant must be close to his subordinates, know their needs and requests, achieve their satisfaction, prevent rudeness and humiliation of the personal dignity of his subordinates, constantly serve as an example of strict observance of laws, military regulations and orders, be an example of moral purity, honesty, modesty and justice. .

An analysis of disciplinary offenses committed by personnel shows that many of them are due to miscalculations in the sphere of relations between the boss - the subordinate, the individual - the team. In some cases, shortcomings in the work of a sergeant indirectly affect the emergence of a conflict, while in others they become a direct cause of a violation of discipline.

The most common wrong actions of the sergeants themselves include: the uneven distribution of loads allowed by them between soldiers of different periods of service; unwillingness, and sometimes inability to delve into off-duty relations and moods of soldiers; condoning the desire of individual soldiers to receive privileges, to occupy a special position, to subordinate other soldiers to their influence.

The weak exactingness of some sergeants, the lack of methodological skills of education in others, the lack of pedagogical tact in still others are just some of the bottlenecks in their activities that occur in practice.

The basis of the work of a sergeant to strengthen military discipline is a deep study of subordinates, their strengths and weaknesses, habits, inclinations, interests and ideals. The most justified methods of studying personnel by a sergeant in the course of everyday life are: individual conversations; careful study of the attitude to the case of one or another subordinate in the course of classes, service, rest; widespread use of the opinions of officers and ensigns, other sergeants about the soldiers.

The study of subordinates should be objective, impartial, should not be reduced to looking for flaws. It is necessary to notice and celebrate every success of a warrior, to be able to discern the good in each and use it to educate the individual. Recognition of success inspires the soldier, gives him strength for the future. Under these conditions, he often has a desire to excel in the service. A correct opinion can only be formed if it is judged not by words, but by deeds.

For the education of discipline, the correct organization of the educational process is necessary. Sergeants must create an environment conducive to the development of a sense of duty, initiative, high organization and independence among subordinates. Ensure timely start and end of classes. A well-conducted lesson always activates the mental activity of the trainees, instills the habit of accuracy, composure and organization. Discipline is also a clear organization of maintenance of equipment, park and business days.

Skillful disciplinary practice is of no small importance in strengthening discipline. Disciplinary practice is a system that has developed in the Armed Forces for applying incentives and disciplinary sanctions to military personnel of the MSR in order to educate them and strengthen military discipline.

When determining the guilt of a serviceman, the following are taken into account: the nature of the misconduct; the circumstances under which it was committed; the former behavior of the perpetrator, as well as the duration of his military service and the degree of knowledge of the order of service.

When imposing a disciplinary sanction, the sergeant must remember that the measure of punishment and the very form of its imposition should be perceived not as actions aimed at humiliating the human dignity of a serviceman, but as the sergeant's desire to help him learn to control his behavior, to behave with dignity. It is necessary to accustom subordinates not to the fear of punishment, but to the shame of committing misconduct. The bias and injustice of the sergeant, rudeness in dealing with subordinates negatively affect the military. Those sergeants who believe that before imposing a disciplinary sanction on a subordinate, it is necessary to understand the degree of his guilt are doing the right thing. It is also expedient to carry out the removal of disciplinary sanctions strictly individually, when they have played their educational role and the serviceman has really corrected his behavior by exemplary performance of military duty.

Sergeants are required to strictly monitor the maintenance of internal order, the correct fitting of equipment, compliance with the established rules for wearing military uniform clothing, as well as military discipline in the ranks. Everyday, precise fulfillment of these duties by junior commanders has an impact on instilling in soldiers the skills and habits of disciplined behavior, forms an intolerant attitude towards looseness, and develops diligence.

Each serviceman must be confident in the protection of his rights and legitimate interests, in the inviolability of his person, in respect for his honor and dignity. Maintaining the rules of relations between military personnel established by military regulations in the unit is one of the priorities of the sergeant.

Special thoughtfulness and organization require work with military personnel performing tasks in isolation from the unit, on guard and daily duty. There should be no place for a superficial approach. It is necessary to carefully select the composition of these teams, taking into account the psychological characteristics of the servicemen.

It has its own characteristics of working with military personnel who are prone to To violation of military discipline. At the same time, it is extremely important to identify the specific reasons for their dishonest attitude to service, to look for positive qualities in each such person, to encourage, develop them, to emphasize that the norm of life for a serviceman is honesty, personal responsibility for the task assigned, exemplary performance of military duty.

Of great importance in modern conditions is the struggle for healthy lifestyle life. Junior commanders are called upon to set a personal example in this, and also to explain to the personnel that drunkenness and drug addiction are completely intolerable phenomena in the army, they are the worst enemies of combat readiness.

Each sergeant is obliged to systematically analyze the state of military discipline of the servicemen subordinate to him, timely and objectively report on its state to a higher commander. Some sergeants, trying to hide the misdeeds of their subordinates from commanders, thereby condone violators. This can lead to gross disciplinary offenses, and often to incidents and crimes.

The sergeant needs to take care of improving the material and living conditions of his subordinates, to know exactly all the norms of allowance, to strictly monitor the completeness of their communication. He must take care of organizing the rest and leisure of his subordinates, since this is an important part of the sergeant's work in maintaining military discipline. His task is to ensure that every soldier is recorded in the library, to encourage reading newspapers and magazines in every possible way, to engage in amateur art and sports.

Variant of the work system of the squad leader
to maintain military discipline

Daily:

know where subordinates are, check them at each construction, report on those who are absent;

monitor the implementation of the daily routine, internal order in the platoon (squad), demand that subordinates observe military discipline;

conduct individual conversations with one or two subordinates;

ensure compliance with the rules for wearing military uniforms;

report to the immediate commander on all complaints and requests of subordinates, on incentives and penalties imposed on them, as well as on cases of loss or malfunction of weapons and other materiel;

ensure compliance with safety requirements by personnel when working with weapons and military equipment, as well as during classes and chores;

summarize the results of each lesson and at the end of the day evaluate the attitude of subordinates to the performance of official duties and their personal discipline.

Weekly:

to talk with each subordinate soldier, to assist the replenishment who arrived in adapting to the conditions of military service;

observe the sequence and uniformity when appointing to the outfit, as well as when dismissing from the location of the unit;

conduct additional classes to explain the requirements of the Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with servicemen prone to violations of military discipline;

to report to the direct commander on the state of military discipline among subordinates, the measures taken to strengthen it, to petition, if necessary, for the encouragement of those who distinguished themselves and the punishment of violators.

Sergeants belong to the level of junior commanders and represent the most numerous detachment of command personnel. They bear full responsibility for the training and education of subordinates. Speaking about the role of junior commanders, M. V. Frunze emphasized: “Junior command personnel form the basis on which the whole matter of discipline, combat soldering and combat training of the unit is based” *.

At present, the role of sergeants has increased even more. This is due to the complication of the tasks facing the units and subunits, the change in the social image of the soldier, the transition to the recruitment of formations and military units of the Armed Forces by contract servicemen, the improvement of weapons and military equipment. The requirements for the training and education of soldiers have increased, and the terms of their training have remained the same. This necessitated an increase in the level pedagogical culture and responsibility of commanders of all levels, and first of all of those who directly form the qualities of a warrior in soldiers.

The education of personnel is carried out by sergeants in the course of everyday military service and combat training. They organize the service of their subordinates in accordance with the statutes, and ensure that the entire way of military service instills loyalty to the military oath in the personnel.

One of the important tasks of sergeants is to instill in subordinates readiness to defend the Fatherland, pride in belonging to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, striving for exemplary performance of military duty and official duties. To do this, they themselves must serve as an example of upbringing, a zealous attitude to service.

Sergeants help subordinates to study weapons and military equipment, charters and manuals, organize and carry out service with them in a daily outfit, conduct daily work to strengthen military discipline, form the ability to subordinate their actions and deeds to the requirements of military regulations, orders of commanders. They are responsible for the drill and physical training of subordinates, for the preservation of their health and the provision of everything necessary. Here, the personal example of sergeants, their authority, high moral qualities, selfless attitude to work, and discipline are especially important.

In this regard, junior commanders should strive to improve their pedagogical knowledge, develop methodological skills, and study best practices in working with people. The duty of a sergeant is to be a skilled teacher and educator. Without this, it is impossible to achieve the unity of the process of training and education of soldiers, aimed at preparing them for the defense of the Motherland.

The most important requirement for the process of education and upbringing is to know and take into account national characteristics, traditions and customs of those peoples whose representatives are subordinates. In a multinational team, a sergeant is obliged to be strictly guided by the principles of justice, to show special sensitivity, prudence and adherence to principles, concern for strengthening friendship and military camaraderie.

High exactingness is an integral quality of a commander, the basis of discipline and organization in his subordinate unit. It has nothing to do with rudeness, scorn, humiliation of the dignity of a subordinate, which alienates the soldier from the sergeant. Demanding should be constant, fair, equal to all, respectful. Demandingness, combined with the respect of subordinates, helps the soldiers to realize their tasks, to mobilize forces for their successful implementation. Demandingness must be supported by strict control over the actions of subordinates, combined with skillful encouragement of conscientious work, with concern for subordinates, with an attentive attitude to their needs.

Topic: Methods and forms of work with military personnel serving under a contract in the positions of soldiers and sergeants.

The process of transition to the contract method of manning the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation led to the emergence of new factors and problems. We are talking about the conditions for the passage of contract service: strict observance of the regulations of official time; relationships between contract servicemen and officers; organization of recreation and leisure; the right to freedom of movement, etc. There was a need to revise the system of education and training of contract soldiers, its content side due to a qualitative change in the composition of military personnel.

Thus, we are talking about about the need to implement individual and differentiated approaches in the pedagogical practice of officers. They presuppose a deep and comprehensive knowledge of their subordinates, both individually and in groups, of their moral and psychological state in a particular situation. This gives the leader the opportunity to correctly choose and determine the general line of organization of influence on personnel, to find the most acceptable methods, means, forms of influence on the consciousness and activity of military personnel.

The training of highly qualified military personnel involves not only the formation of an appropriate level of professional competence and psychological stability, but also at the same time ensuring the appropriate level of formed personality traits, the achievement of which is facilitated by professional education.

professional education in a broad sense, this is the upbringing of a military man in general, the formation and development of a set of qualities in him that are necessary for a citizen of the state and a military man. In a narrow sense, it is the process of formation and development of qualities, attitudes, and behavioral habits among military personnel that contribute to the successful performance of official duties.

In the RF Armed Forces, the upbringing and training of contract servicemen should be based on the idea of professionalism. It is redistributed:

Corporatism, respect and obedience to commanders;

The desire of everyone to master the specialty to perfection;

An increased sense of pride in defending the Motherland;

The need to learn from historical examples;

The cult of a professional fighter, always ready to defend the Russian Federation.

In terms of content education of military personnel service should be considered as a systematic and purposeful impact on military personnel, a team or individual socio-psychological processes with the aim of forming and developing stable qualities and attitudes in military personnel that ensure the high-quality performance of official duties in the conditions of performing military service duties.

The key provisions of the educational process include: subjects and objects of education, functions, principles, methods, means, forms of educational work.

The subjects of education are states; local governments; electronic and print media; family and close relatives of contractors; commanders, military command and control bodies, personnel for work with personnel; professional teams of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; public organizations.

Objects of education in this case, they are sergeants and privates serving under a contract, military teams of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Functions of education: formative-developing, preventive, mobilization for the implementation of specific tasks, re-education, motivation for self-education.

Principles of education- these are the initial pedagogical provisions that serve as guiding standards for education. They determine the direction, content, organization and methodology of the educational process.

These include: complexity, adequacy, optimality, individuality and differentiation, consistency.

Based on the principles, taking into account the goals and objectives in a particular situation, the optimal choice and use of methods, means and forms of education and training occurs.

parenting method- a certain way of pedagogical influence on military personnel and teams or interaction with them in order to form and develop in them the qualities necessary for successful professional activity. In practice, the following main groups of methods are used:

- study methods: observation, analysis of performance results, biographical method, dialogic techniques, survey, questioning, testing, generalization of independent characteristics, etc.

- methods of educational influence: persuasion, example, performance evaluation, encouragement, criticism, censure;

- methods of prevention and self-improvement: retraining, character reconstruction, breaking unwanted contacts, using various sanctions, criticism and self-criticism.

The basis of any method, along with techniques, is the means of education. Means of education- this is all that with the help of which educators influence the educated. The means of education include, on the one hand, various types of activities, on the other hand, a set of specific activities, as well as objects that are used in various educational activities, which include: moral and material incentives; visual and technical means of education and training; information means of education and training.

In the implementation of the tasks of educating contract servicemen, various forms are creatively used. Forms of educational work- this is a certain combination of the method of organizing the interaction of the subject and object of education, the method and means used to achieve a specific educational goal.

The choice of methods and forms of educational work in each specific case is determined by the subjects of education based on the individual psychological characteristics of contract servicemen, the moral and psychological climate in teams, as well as the tasks solved in the course of official activities, and the available opportunities.

In the military unit, the general personnel management carried out by the commander. The deputy commander for work with personnel organizes this work and is responsible for its condition.

Control and methodological functions and the conduct of this work are assigned to the bodies for work with personnel.

Direct organization and conduct of work with servicemen of subunits are assigned to their commanders and deputies for work with personnel.

Organization of work with personnel in a military unit includes; comprehensive study of the object of influence; clarification of the goals and objectives of the forthcoming work; planning; setting goals and coordinating activities; determination of the optimal means, methods and forms of achieving the goal; control and correction; consolidation of positive experience; performance evaluation; logistics.

The main criteria for assessing the state of work with personnel are the results of service activities, the level of military discipline and legality in the units.

In the pan of work with personnel, it is advisable to provide for activities in the following main areas: organizational and methodological support; information and educational work; social work; cultural and leisure work; study of the organization of educational work, the moral and psychological climate in the units, the moral and psychological state of the personnel; organization of training of officials responsible for the organization of educational work, assistance in its organization; interaction with public organizations in the field of education and social support for military personnel, veterans and their families; psychological support.

Thus, work with contract servicemen is an integral part of the human resource management system and includes a set of organizational, informational, educational, psychological and other measures carried out by the subjects of educational work in order to form and develop stable qualities and attitudes in contract servicemen that ensure high-quality performance of official duties. Education is inextricably linked with learning and at the same time has relative independence and specific features in terms of tasks, principles, methods, means and forms.

The choice of methods, means and forms of work with personnel is determined taking into account: individual psychological characteristics of military personnel, their educational and cultural level; the degree of formation of their professionally important qualities; the moral and psychological state of contractors and teams of units; the mode of service and rest, as well as the procedure for the placement of units, military personnel and members of their families.

During the lectures, it is advisable to dwell on the statistical and qualitative characteristics of military contract servicemen; age, gender, education, nationality, attitude to religion, etc. Using military pedagogical literature, the leader of the lesson briefly characterizes the biophysiological, gender, national-psychological, value-motivational features of contract servicemen of the military unit, their specifics, due to their attitude to religion, as well as the peculiarities of their legal status.

There are various approaches to the classification of forms of work with personnel. In the course of work with contractors, the following groups of forms are used: 1) information and educational impact; 2) impacts based on elements of organizational culture; 3) organizational and managerial impact; 4) psychological support.

A key place in working with contractors is occupied by information and educational impact on military personnel. Information and educational impact is a set of targeted information activities of an educational nature, aimed at increasing the level of information content of military personnel, developing their high professional, combat, social, spiritual, psychological and physical qualities, ensuring moral and psychological readiness to perform the tasks of service activities.

Among the most acceptable forms information and educational impact on contractors, it is advisable to include the following.

Individual educational work- this is a systematic and purposeful individual impact on the consciousness, feelings, will and behavior of a serviceman, taking into account the age, social, psychological and other characteristics of the conditions of service, life and rest in the interests of his comprehensive development and preparation for the successful performance of official duties.

Classes in the system of vocational training to explain the principles of official behavior and the norms of professional ethics, on socio-political, legal, psychological, pedagogical and other topics.

Public-state training is a complex of planned classes in the system of professional training of military personnel and, at the same time, educational activities to form a worldview among contract servicemen, of course, and attitudes that ensure their active and successful service activities in the assigned area of activity.

Informing - conducted on socio-political, economic and socially significant issues. Informing is a purposeful activity of officials and military command and control bodies to timely provide contractors with information that is sufficient in content and volume to successfully perform official tasks and maintain their moral and psychological state at an optimal level.

Bringing and explaining the legal norms establishing responsibility for illegal acts is carried out in the form of a day of legal knowledge, legal information, legal lectures.

Using the possibilities of the media and culture: television, radio, electronic and print media, literary and artistic works.

It is necessary to give priority to active forms of influence on personnel serving under a contract in the positions of soldiers and sailors. These include: days of legal knowledge with the participation of employees of the military prosecutor's office and military courts; general meetings of military personnel; evenings of questions and answers with the participation of the command of units and subunits, meetings of military personnel and members of their families with veterans, representatives of state, executive and legislative authorities of the constituent entities of Russia.

An important form of information and educational influence is informing about the most important events in the Armed Forces, in society and in the world. The main emphasis is on bringing and explaining changes in the regulatory legal framework on issues of military service, coverage of the most significant events in the troops, public and international life. Prompt informing about changes in the military-political situation, changes in the regulatory framework, etc. it is advisable to carry out within 5-10 minutes. When instructing outfits, paying attention to the sources in which this information is presented in more detail.

In informing the contractors of the unit, it is necessary to actively use the media, both printed and electronic. To this end, it is expedient to organize a collective subscription to newspapers and magazines, primarily military publications. In each division, have newspapers and magazines in accessible places.

Technical means of informing. They can act as an independent force of information work or are auxiliary means that allow making information and educational activities more vivid, evidence-based, emotional and memorable. In each unit, in recreation areas, there should be televisions and a radio broadcasting point tuned to the central channels. This is caused by. That a contractor spends more than 70% of the daily time, and he must be informed about what is happening in the world, in the region.

visual media. Its various forms make it possible to influence the mood of military personnel, contribute to the formation of a certain attitude of military personnel to the successes and misconduct of colleagues, provide an opportunity for informational influence on the consciousness and feelings of subordinates, strengthening law and order and military discipline. The main requirement for the use of these forms is that they must be communicated to all military personnel with relevant and useful information in daily official activities and reflect the life of the unit.

It is important to have an operational information stand in the subdivision. It contains information materials from newspapers, magazines, excerpts from the instructions of the command, announcements, a list of topics on the UGP, control questions.

In work with contractors, forms of influence are also used, based on elements of organizational culture.

The organizational culture of a military organization should be understood as a set of spiritual values, social and ideological attitudes, norms of professional ethics shared by military personnel, as well as characteristic traditions, rituals and symbols.

The forms of influence based on elements of organizational culture include:

Information and propaganda actions, solemn events in connection with state holidays, Days of Military Glory of Russia, memorable and significant dates in the history of the Russian state.

Rituals. Associated with important events in the history of the RF Armed Forces, military units and the lives of servicemen.

Organization of a mentoring institution.

Creation and maintenance in proper condition of historical demonstration halls of military units, rooms of military glory, museums, memorial places, publication of Books of Memory of fallen servicemen, collections of memoirs of veterans.

Using the potential of officers' meetings and veterans' organizations.

Providing measures of social support to certain categories of military personnel and members of their families in the performance of military service duties; servicemen who were injured, mutilated, seriously ill in the performance of military service duties; military personnel. Those with incomplete and large families, family members with serious illnesses, veterans of military units.

Commemoration of military personnel. Those who died in the line of duty, maintaining their burial sites in proper condition

Issue of anniversary badges, pennants and other souvenirs with symbols of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, types of troops, military units;

Carrying out cultural-mass and sports and health-improving events.

In the interests of educational influence on contract soldiers, it is advisable to use military rituals.

In military units, rituals common to all military collectives, established by the general military regulations of the AFRF, are used.

Along with this, a number of rituals are carried out, due to the specifics of the official activities of the branches of the Armed Forces and the military branches, individual formations and military units, the leader of the lesson can dwell in more detail on the rituals held in a particular military unit.

Leisure work should not be underestimated either. Leisure work is a system of activities of commanders, headquarters, personnel management bodies, and other officials to create favorable conditions for the full-fledged rest of military personnel to educate them in the spirit of loyalty and military duty.

When organizing leisure work, it is necessary to take into account the regulations on the service time of contract soldiers, the principle of voluntary notification and participation in leisure and cultural, mass, sports and recreational events. When organizing and conducting them, one should be guided by the needs and requests of military personnel, provide an opportunity for a full-fledged leisure time within the framework of personal interests and the needs of the state.

The forms of organizational and managerial influence include: control and evaluation of practical activities, the level of professionalism of contract soldiers in the performance of official tasks, certification and qualification tests of military personnel; counseling; scheduled personal interviews, etc.

It should be emphasized that when organizing work with contract servicemen, it is necessary to differentiate between activities carried out during official and off-duty hours. Events held during duty hours are mandatory for all military personnel. These include public-state training; informing; a general meeting of the military personnel of the unit for summing up the results of service, combat training and military discipline; day of legal knowledge; evening of questions and answers; solemn events dedicated to state holidays and significant events in the history of the country of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, units, subdivisions, etc.

These and some other forms of work must be planned during the hours provided for by the regulations of working hours.

Attendance at events outside office hours is voluntary. According to the law, military personnel have the right to use this time at their discretion. To a large extent, activities should be of a leisure nature. They should take into account the interests and demands to the greatest extent and be attractive to them.

Subunit officials should be aware that the organization of the daily activities of subunits, professional and methodological training, and the exactingness of officers determine what qualities a contract soldier will possess. Will he meet the requirements for him, or will he introduce his own rules and norms of behavior into the military team. It must be understood that the organization of daily service activities both educates and trains each contract serviceman, i.e. there is a direct and indirect professional formation and development.

Thus, the practical activities of the manager should focus on creating comfortable conditions for the professional daily activities of a contract serviceman: clear regulations, rational organization of work, timely and complete logistics, setting specific feasible tasks, assisting them, and most importantly, control.

Experience shows that it is impossible to achieve the required level of service and combat activity of units and subunits only by improving weapons, technical means and the method of performing service and conducting combat operations. The most important link is people, i.e. sergeants and privates of the contract service, their high fighting, professional spirit and moral strength, which do not immediately arise, but are the result of a conscious systematic influence in order to form in them a state patriotic consciousness, a sense of love and loyalty to the Fatherland, its national, cultural and spiritual values.

It is necessary to abandon stereotypes in working with a contract serviceman, build a new system of interpersonal relations, putting duty, responsibility and respect for the individual, his rights and freedoms at the forefront. Remember that these are volunteers, who differ from conscripted military personnel, not only in that they serve of their own free will, but also in accordance with their needs and motives, choose a military profession for themselves for a long period of their lives.

Barkhaev B., Karayani A., Perevalov V., Psychology and pedagogy of professional activity.

Borzov V., Kuleba A. The practice of educational work with military personnel serving on a contract basis as soldiers and sergeants.

Military psychology: Textbook.

Karayani A., Syromyatnikov I. Applied military psychology.

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The tasks of educational work With military personnel, passing military service By contract. Yes, with sergeants and foremen soldiers and educational sailors Job directed on: - formation of readiness ...

Sergeants belong to the level of junior commanders and represent the most numerous detachment of command personnel. They bear full responsibility for the successful fulfillment by the squad, crew, and crew of combat missions; for training and education, military discipline and the moral and psychological state of subordinates. Speaking about the role of junior commanders, M. V. Frunze emphasized: "The junior command staff forms the basis on which the whole matter of discipline, combat soldering and combat training of the unit is based."

At present, the role of sergeants has increased even more. This is due to the complication of the tasks facing the units and subunits, the change in the social image of the soldier, the transition to the recruitment of units and subunits by contract servicemen, and the improvement of weapons and military equipment. The requirements for the training and education of soldiers have increased, and the terms of their training have remained the same. This caused the need to raise the level of pedagogical culture and responsibility of commanders of all levels, and first of all those who directly form the qualities of a warrior in soldiers.

One of critical tasks sergeants is to educate subordinates in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism, readiness to give all their strength, and if necessary, their lives to protect the interests of their homeland. To do this, they themselves must be ready for selfless actions in the name of the interests of our Fatherland, for the performance of their official duty. Sergeants are responsible for correct use and conservation of weapons and military equipment. To do this, they must know the material part well, its rules of operation, instill in subordinate soldiers a careful attitude to their weapons and military equipment.

Sergeants help subordinates to study regulations and instructions, organize and carry out service with them in a daily outfit, conduct daily work to strengthen military discipline, form the ability to subordinate their actions and deeds to the requirements of general military regulations, orders of commanders. They are responsible for combat bearing and physical training, for the safety of health and the provision of everything necessary for subordinates. Here, the personal example of sergeants, their authority, high moral qualities, selfless attitude to work, and discipline are especially important.

The most important requirement for the military pedagogical process is to know and take into account national characteristics, traditions and customs

those peoples whose representatives are subordinates. In a multinational team, a sergeant is obliged to strictly follow the principles of national policy, to show special sensitivity, discretion and adherence to principles, concern for strengthening friendship and brotherhood between soldiers of different nationalities.

High exactingness is an integral quality of a commander, the basis of discipline and organization in a subordinate unit. It has nothing to do with rudeness, scorn, humiliation of the dignity of a subordinate, which alienates the soldier from sergeant. Demanding should be constant, fair, equal to all, respectful. Demandingness, combined with the respect of subordinates, helps the soldiers to realize their tasks, to mobilize forces for their successful implementation. Demandingness must be supported by strict control over the actions of subordinates, combined with skillful encouragement of conscientious work, with concern for subordinates, with an attentive attitude to their needs.

Success in the work of sergeants largely depends on how they realize their personal duty and responsibility for the deeds and actions of their subordinates, improve their knowledge and experience, and reasonably use the rights granted to them by military regulations.

Units and subunits become combat-ready if squads and crews are well trained and coordinated, if each serviceman clearly knows his duties and performs them flawlessly. The role of the sergeant is great in this, who personally teaches the soldier military skills, prepares excellent students and class specialists.

1.2.3. The methodology for conducting individual educational work with the military personnel of the department (calculation, crew)

IN In the practice of a sergeant, all sorts of situations constantly arise, which can be resolved only by skillfully owning pedagogical knowledge. How to choose a means of educational influence on a subordinate? Talk alone with a soldier who has violated military discipline, or discuss his act at a meeting, keep silent about what happened or make a remark to the soldier, forgive or punish? Only that sergeant who can find the key to the mind and heart of a person, take into account his character traits, psychological characteristics - in a word, skillfully owns the methodology of individual educational work with people, will do the right thing.

Individual educational work (IWR) is a systematic and purposeful influence of educators on educatees, carried out taking into account their individual characteristics and using appropriate methods, forms and means of education.

IVR with subordinates is based on the following principles:

The combination of differentiated and individual approaches in educational activities;

Combination of exactingness with respect for personal dignity

person;

Reliance on the positive qualities of the personality of the educated person;

Unity, consistency and continuity in education.

Their use by sergeants in their activities allows them to purposefully carry out IVR, as well as to predict the actions, deeds, behavior of subordinates in various conditions, to choose the most effective methods, means and techniques of educational influence.

The system of individual educational work includes:

definition of goals and objectives;

planning;

determining who and with whom individually works;

training in the practice of individual educational work;

studying and taking into account the individual characteristics of military personnel, the application of the most effective forms, methods, means of influence;

organization of operational information about the moods, interests, requests of personnel;

analysis, generalization of best practices, control and correction of the plan.

Knowledge of subordinates is one of the duties of commanders (chiefs). We also recall that in accordance with Articles 151 and 153 of the Air Force, the deputy platoon commander, squad leader, namely, sergeants are often in this position, must know the last name, first name, patronymic, year of birth, nationality, personal qualities, occupation before military service, marital status, successes and shortcomings in the combat training of each subordinate.

The study of personnel at first glance seems to be a simple matter. However, in practice, this is a complex, multifaceted process that requires time, experience, and certain knowledge from the educator.

In military pedagogy and psychology, there are many methods for studying the individual characteristics of servicemen. These include: observation; study of documents; generalization of opinions (generalization of independent characteristics); study of preferential relationships; conversation; analysis of performance results; sociometric survey; testing.

One of the most objective and reliable methods for studying a soldier is observation. In the course of it, the accumulation of facts about the actions, behavior, judgments of the subordinate is carried out, the analysis, generalization and systematization of which allow us to draw a conclusion about his individual characteristics.

Observation of a person in a relaxed atmosphere, for example, in a canteen, smoking room, dismissal, during breaks in training sessions and in other conditions when there are no direct commanders nearby, allows, like no other method, to identify the correspondence between the consciousness and behavior of a soldier.

In order to increase the effectiveness of observation, situations can be consciously created in which a serviceman could demonstrate to the maximum extent those qualities that one would like to evaluate.

At the same time, the educator must remember that it is not always possible to judge a person by individual actions, to draw conclusions about him on the basis of a single observation. Therefore, the monitoring process must be continuous, concrete and active.

An important and rather time-consuming activity of sergeants and superiors, in the process of which a preliminary idea of a serviceman is developed, is study of documents(document analysis). A personal file is usually studied (autobiography, questionnaires, characteristics, documents on education). It helps the sergeant learn about the main events of a person's biography, which in one way or another could influence the formation of personality. Important information about the cognitive abilities, military-professional orientation and individual psychological characteristics of subordinates can be obtained from the professional selection card of the conscript, which records the results of the study and "survey during the period of registration and conscription of military servicemen. On the social activity of a soldier, his discipline, breadth of knowledge, physical development can be found in the service card, library card, medical book and other documents.

It helps to get to know the person better. generalization of opinions colleagues about his behavior and actions (the so-called method of generalization of independent characteristics).

Comparison of the observations and conclusions of many people makes it possible to detect the fallacy of ideas about a person, weed out incorrect assessments and determine his true merits.

Information about a serviceman can be obtained in the course of both oral conversations and an absentee survey (using questionnaires, questionnaires). The latter is used relatively rarely by sergeants, as it requires time and special knowledge.

A method for studying preferential relationships. Its essence lies in the fact that the educator reveals the following in the process of individual educational work with subordinates using various methods: what the subordinate likes to talk about; what he likes to do the most; How do you prefer to spend your free time? with whom he maintains friendly relations; what worries him the most And etc. Based on the analysis, interests, needs, both spiritual and material, inclinations, motives for activity in various types of activities, attitudes, features of character, temperament, culture, level and direction of development of life position, etc. are revealed.

However, the most reliable data about a subordinate is given by personal communication with him. With the skillful conduct of an individual conversation, the educator can assess not only the needs, inclinations, interests, character traits of a soldier, but also reveal his true feelings, opinion about the state of affairs in the team, colleagues, etc. The results of the conversation help to get a more complete picture of the personality of the subordinate .

The success of such conversations largely depends on the sergeant's compliance with a number of rules. One of them is careful preparation for the interview. It is important to think over its content, topic, determine the range of questions for the soldier, and at the same time study all available information. O him information. It is also necessary to choose the right place for the conversation and the time of its holding.

It is important that communication takes place in a calm and confidential atmosphere, without strangers. All questions should be simple and clear. They need to be put in such a way that during the conversation a single, holistic story of a soldier about himself, his life, and the difficulties of military service emerges. An indispensable condition for the success of the conversation is f * e creative character. It should not be conducted in the form of a simple survey on pre-set questions that are only the basis for a conversation. Practice shows that for systematization, analysis and accounting individual work it is advisable for the educator to have a pedagogical diary (workbook, notebook). It accumulates data about each pupil, outlines the main measures of influence (interaction with him), notes the results of observations and some conclusions that characterize the effectiveness of individual educational work. Such records will not take a lot of time, but they will give your work purposefulness and systematicity.

In order to study and educate subordinates in military practice, it is widely used analysis of performance results. It provides for taking into account the actions and deeds of subordinates, as well as their omissions and achievements in various types activities. At the same time, it is important for the educator to study the level of manifestation of activity, initiative, creativity in work; activity motives; conditions for the performance of work, etc. The nature of the performance of tasks by a serviceman may indicate his skills, abilities, interests and other personality traits.

sociometric survey. With its help, the status of the personality of a serviceman in the team, the characteristics of relationships with other members of the team, and the assessment of the state of the moral and psychological climate in which the subordinate lives can be made.

Testing is effective method studying the personality of a serviceman, which measures the level of development or the degree of expression of certain mental qualities, as well as the totality of the mental properties of the individual. Testing is carried out by specially trained officers, usually unit psychologists.

The experience of educational work shows that only the comprehensive use of the entire arsenal of methods and means of studying the individual characteristics of soldiers will produce the desired result. In each case, the educator determines which methods and how it is advisable for him to use them to obtain the most reliable and high-quality information about the subordinate. And, of course, the knowledge of a subordinate acts not as an end in itself, but as a means of ensuring the effectiveness of his training, education, joint activities with him in the interests of military service and the soldier himself.

to strengthen military discipline and maintain

statutory order

military discipline- this is one of the forms of state discipline, the basis of the combat readiness and combat capability of units and subunits of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

It is designed to regulate the military order, the relationship between military personnel, relations in units in order to ensure high organization and combat effectiveness. Its difference from other types of discipline is due to the nature of military activity, which requires from the people who carry it out special composure, accuracy, diligence, endurance, mutual understanding, mobility, speed in the execution of all orders, etc. Because of this, military discipline is characterized by a number of features: the binding nature of its requirements for all categories of servicemen; coincidence of the goals of legality and military discipline; detailed regulation of the rules of conduct for the entire spectrum of military activities; increased legal responsibility for violating the order and rules of military service; obligatory observance of moral standards, supported by statutory requirements; disciplinary liability for violation of the rules, norms, not only in official, but also in off-duty situations; the unity of the unconditional fulfillment of established norms and the manifestation of activity, independence, creativity, etc.

A well-known truth: without discipline, not a single army in the world can be combat-ready. One of the outstanding military figures and teachers of Russia, General M. I. Dragomirov, described a military unit in which a high level of discipline is maintained in the following way: “Such a unit (unit) may not knock out touching percentages when firing, may not be particularly solid in the ranks. She may lose her footing, but she never will. And in difficult times, of course, it will be preferred to those who knock out interest and march perfectly, but are not so reliable.

The modern understanding of military discipline in a concise but capacious form is presented in the Disciplinary Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, art. 1: "Military discipline is the strict and exact observance by all military personnel of the order and rules established by laws, military regulations and orders of commanders (chiefs)." Military discipline characterizes and defines official and personal relations between servicemen, as well as military collectives. Its carrier is a specific person - a soldier, sergeant, officer. It finds its expression in the discipline of a soldier.

External indicators of discipline:

Strict observance of military order;

Accurate and proactive execution of orders and orders of commanders and superiors;

Careful attitude to military equipment and weapons, their competent use in solving combat training and service tasks;

Exemplary appearance.

Internal indicators of discipline:

Belief in the need for military discipline:

Knowledge of regulations and instructions, requirements of military service;

Ability to manage oneself in accordance with the requirements of military discipline;

Skills and habits of disciplined behavior;

Self-discipline.

Discipline as a personal quality is not born with a person, and even more so, it is not given to a warrior along with shoulder straps. It is formed and developed in the course of his army life and activities. Let us consider the priority areas of work of junior commanders in the formation and development of discipline among soldiers.

The main directions of the formation and development of discipline among military personnel:

Skillful management of the activities and behavior of military personnel;

Effective educational work;

Maintaining the statutory order in the department, calculation, strict observance of the daily routine by all military personnel;

A clear organization of combat training and its full coverage of personnel;

Caring for a healthy moral and psychological climate in the team;

Everyday exactingness of junior commanders to subordinates and control over their diligence, respect for the personal dignity of military personnel and constant care for them, skillful combination and correct application of measures of persuasion, coercion and social influence of the team;

Self-education discipline.

When working with servicemen under a contract, it is necessary to take into account the issues of caring for the family of a serviceman and the implementation of the terms of the contract concluded by him.

It is impossible to instill in soldiers the principles of discipline without monitoring their full and exact observance of the requirements of the regulations. At the same time, one should not forget about the formation of the motivational and orienting basis of their behavior. In other words, every time you need to explain why and how to act in certain situations. The skillful organization of this work helps young soldiers overcome the negative reactions caused by the difficulties of service, especially in the first period, quickly and painlessly adapt to the daily routine, quickly become in line and achieve good results in combat training in the future.

In parallel, work is carried out in the team:

cultivating positive relationships;

formation of healthy public opinion and unity of views on the main issues of service and combat training;

overcoming negatively directed leadership;

maintaining friendship and mutual assistance, attentive and demanding attitude of colleagues to each other.

Practice shows that it is easier to achieve the desired results if the soldiers themselves are actively involved in solving this problem.

An analysis of disciplinary offenses committed by personnel shows that many of them are due to miscalculations in the sphere of relationships: the boss - the subordinate, the individual - the team. In some cases, shortcomings in the work of a sergeant indirectly affect the emergence of a conflict, while in others they become a direct cause of a violation of discipline.

The most common wrong actions of the sergeants themselves include: the uneven distribution of loads they allow between soldiers of different service periods; unwillingness, and sometimes inability to delve into off-duty relations and moods of soldiers; condoning the desire of individual soldiers to receive privileges, to occupy a special position, to subordinate others to their influence.

The study of subordinates should be objective, impartial, not limited to looking for shortcomings. It is necessary to notice and celebrate every success of a warrior, to be able to discern the good in each and use it to educate the individual. Recognition of success inspires the soldier, gives him strength for the future. Under these conditions, he often has a desire to excel in the service. A correct opinion can only be formed if it is judged not by words, but by deeds.

For the education of discipline, the correct organization of the educational process is necessary. Sergeants must create an environment that would require the maximum exertion of physical and moral strength, which contributed to the development of a sense of duty, initiative, high organization and independence among subordinates. Ensure timely start and end of classes. A well-conducted lesson always activates the mental activity of the trainees, instills the habit of accuracy, composure and organization. Discipline is also a clear organization of maintenance of weapons and equipment.

Skillful disciplinary practice is of no small importance in strengthening discipline. Disciplinary practice is a system that has developed in the Armed Forces of applying incentives and disciplinary sanctions to military personnel in order to educate them and strengthen military discipline.

When imposing a disciplinary sanction, the sergeant must remember that the measure of punishment and the very form of its imposition should not be perceived as actions aimed at humiliating the human dignity of a serviceman, but as the sergeant's desire to help him learn to control his behavior, behave with dignity. It is necessary to accustom subordinates not to the fear of punishment, but to the fear of committing misconduct. The bias and injustice of the sergeant, rudeness in dealing with subordinates negatively affect the military. Those sergeants who believe that before imposing a disciplinary sanction on a subordinate, it is necessary to understand the degree of his guilt are doing the right thing. It is also expedient to carry out the removal of disciplinary sanctions strictly individually, when they have played their educational role and the serviceman has really corrected his behavior by exemplary performance of military duty.

Sergeants are required to strictly monitor the maintenance of internal order, the correct fitting of equipment, compliance with the established rules for wearing military uniforms, as well as military discipline in the ranks. Everyday, precise fulfillment of these duties by junior commanders has an impact on instilling in soldiers the skills and habits of disciplined behavior, forms an intolerant attitude towards looseness, and develops diligence.

Each serviceman must be confident in the protection of his rights and legitimate interests, feel the concern of the immediate commander for the inviolability of his personality, respect for his honor and dignity. Maintaining the rules of relations between military personnel established by military regulations in the unit is one of the priorities of the sergeant.

Work with military personnel who are prone to violating military discipline has its own characteristics. At the same time, it is extremely important to identify the specific reasons for their dishonest attitude to the service. Look for positive qualities in each such person, encourage, develop them, emphasize that the norm of a serviceman's life is honesty, personal responsibility for the task assigned, exemplary performance of military duty.

Of great importance in modern conditions is the struggle for a sober lifestyle. Junior commanders are called upon to set a personal example in this, and also to explain to the personnel that drunkenness is an absolutely intolerable phenomenon in the army, it is the worst enemy of combat readiness.

Each sergeant is obliged to systematically analyze the state of military discipline of the servicemen subordinate to him, timely and objectively report on its state to a higher commander. Some sergeants try to hide the misdeeds of their subordinates from the commanders, thereby condoning the violators. This can lead to gross disciplinary offenses, and often to incidents and crimes.

The sergeant needs to take care of improving the material and living conditions of his subordinates, to know exactly all the norms of allowance, to strictly monitor the completeness of their communication. He must also take care of organizing the leisure of his subordinates, since this is an important part of the sergeant's work in maintaining military discipline. His task is to ensure that every soldier is enrolled in the library, to encourage the reading of newspapers and magazines in every possible way, to engage in amateur art and sports.

Thus, the junior commander must ensure that all components of organizational and educational work - the content, forms, methods and means - are carefully thought out and comprehensively justified, in their totality constitute a steadily and consistently implemented system of measures, have a constant psychological impact on consciousness, feelings. and practical actions of personnel to strictly observe the order and rules established by laws and military regulations.

1.2.5. The work of sergeants in the preparation of personnel for service in the garrison and daily outfits

The daily order is assigned to maintain internal order, protect personnel, weapons, military equipment, ammunition, premises and property of a military unit (subdivision), as well as to perform other internal service duties.

Service in daily duty is accompanied by a set of measures: the selection and placement of personnel, their theoretical and practical training, the organization of the service itself, educational work, control over the service and summing up. In all these events, sergeants take the most direct, active part.

The sequence of outfits in the company between platoons is established by the foreman of the company, and in the platoon - by the deputy platoon commander. The number of orders should be distributed evenly and fairly.

When appointing a squad, it is necessary to take into account not only the degree of training of soldiers and sergeants, but also their personal qualities: discipline, vigilance, organizational skills, initiative and intolerance to shortcomings, endurance. It is also impossible not to take into account the state of their health, the situation in the family, relations with relatives and friends. Ignorance of people, incorrect assessment of the psychological, moral and physical state of servicemen when they are assigned to a detachment can lead to a violation of military discipline and even to crimes.

On the night preceding the outfit, persons assigned to the daily outfit must be released from all classes and work.

The duties of the persons of the daily duty are determined by the charters, and must be carried out in full, without any derogations. The slightest violation of the statutory provisions can lead to non-fulfillment or disruption of the tasks set. Therefore, before stepping into the outfit, each soldier must know how to serve. To do this, classes are organized and conducted to study the provisions of charters, instructions and other documents.

Training of personnel for guard duty is carried out in three stages:

first- behind 2-3 days before joining the outfit, the selection and distribution of guard personnel is carried out according to the table of posts;

second- on the day preceding entry into the outfit, at the hours specified in the daily routine, a lesson is held with the guard personnel to study the provisions of the charters, the time sheet for posts, specifying special duties and options for sentry actions at posts, as well as instructions and requirements on the layout of protected objects safety in handling weapons;

third- on the day of entry into the guard, a practical lesson is held with practicing the actions of sentries at posts.

The basis for the successful service of the daily duty is its practical training. Practical classes are held at the places where the servicemen will serve: with a company outfit - in a subunit, with guard personnel - at a guard camp, etc.

A practical lesson with the personnel of the guard is organized and conducted by the unit commander. Training at training places, as a rule, is carried out by the assistant chief of the guard and the guards appointed from among the sergeants - deputy platoon commanders, squad commanders (crews, crews).

Usually they conduct training in loading and unloading weapons, train soldiers in the procedure for accepting and surrendering a post, changing sentries, sentry actions in case of fire, and working out other inputs. At the guard camp, at training places, by the method of training, the assistant chief of the guard and the guards teach the guards the procedure for accepting and surrendering the post, as determined by the Charter of the garrison and guard service, and serving, taking into account its features. At the same time, primary attention is paid to maintaining constant vigilance and observing the order in which weapons are used.

At a practical lesson, the assistant chief of the guard and the guards make sure that each guard knows not only the statutory requirements, but also what is under his protection and defense, the features of the post, the route of movement, the placement of objects and the procedure for their protection, the location of trenches, the availability of lighting, security equipment and fire alarms, the location of guard towers and fungi, fire extinguishing equipment. Special attention refers to the study of the boundaries of the post, the most dangerous approaches to it, the sectors of fire and the procedure for using weapons.

The daily squad for the company is engaged in the unit, where, under the guidance of the foreman of the company, they study: the duties of the duty officer and orderly, the daily routine, instructions on the procedure for raising the unit on alarm, according to fire safety requirements, the scheme of the area assigned to the unit for cleaning.

Before joining the outfit, the servicemen must put their appearance in exemplary order, and the sergeants check how they did it. The exemplary appearance of the daily attire should

serve as an example for military personnel and exercise a disciplined influence on them.

The preparation of a daily outfit for a company includes practicing the practical actions of a duty officer and orderly when declaring an alarm, receiving and issuing weapons and ammunition to personnel, and keeping the premises and territory assigned to the unit clean. Through practical introductory actions, the foreman of the company achieves from the intervening outfit the ability to clearly fulfill his duties of maintaining internal order in the company, observing the daily routine and ensuring the safety of weapons and ammunition, company property and personal belongings of soldiers and sergeants.

In the same order, classes are held with other persons of the daily order. Training is carried out until the actions of the trainees are clear and coordinated.

Methods and forms of work with military personnel serving under a contract in the positions of soldiers and sergeants - a document. The methodology of work of sergeants in the military education of subordinates The content of the work of junior commanders in the education of subordinates

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